Relações filogenéticas do porco sem pelo de Yucatán com raças asiáticas e europeias através do DNA mitocondrial

• Clemente Lemus Postgraduate Program in Biological and Agricultural Sciences. Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics and Academic Unit of Agriculture, Autonomous University of Nayarit, México. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5120-6805
• Gilberto Lemus Postgraduate Program in Biological and Agricultural Sciences. Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics and Academic Unit of Agriculture, Autonomous University of Nayarit, México. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2451-1940
• Job Bugarín Postgraduate Program in Biological and Agricultural Sciences. Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics and Academic Unit of Agriculture, Autonomous University of Nayarit, México. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6280-8281
• Rogelio Alonso Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Biostatistics. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4159-1682
• Raúl Ulloa Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Biostatistics. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6181-8346
• José Segura Campus of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Yucatán, Yucatán, México. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-9948
• Miguel Ayala Department of Animal Production, University of Guadalajara, Mexico https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-2452
• Raúl Sansor Mexican Association of Iberian Pig Breeders, Yucatán, A.C., Mexico. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9854-9445

Palavras-chave: genética, PCR, raças locais, haplótipos, linhagem

Resumo

No México existem genótipos nativos de suínos cujas populações enfrentam sérias ameaças à sua sobrevivência. Um deles é o porco sem pelo de Yucatán (YUCMEX), para o qual há informações limitadas disponíveis sobre seu status de conservação atual. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a relação filogenética de YUCMEX com suínos ibéricos, javalis (WB), europeus, asiáticos e comerciais usando a região D-loop do mtDNA. Um total de 31 sequências de YUCMEX e 77 haplótipos mitocondriais do GenBank foram analisados, alinhados à sequência de referência AJ002189. O fragmento de estudo, aparado entre as posições 15435 e 15977, resultou em 543 pares de bases. As distâncias genéticas foram calculadas para comparar YUCMEX com outros grupos de suínos. Árvores filogenéticas foram construídas usando o método Neighbor-Joining com a distância de dois parâmetros de Kimura e 1000 réplicas bootstrap. Além disso, uma análise de componentes principais (ACP) baseada em distâncias evolutivas foi realizada. Entre as 108 sequências analisadas, 41 sítios variáveis e 44 haplótipos foram identificados. Indivíduos YUCMEX agruparam-se em quatro haplótipos (HA, HB, HC, HD), mostrando menor diversidade de D-loop e distância genética em relação à raça Duroc. Haplótipos europeus e asiáticos formaram sete grupos filogenéticos, separando claramente ambas as regiões. Haplótipos YUCMEX agruparam-se em três linhagens próximas aos haplótipos WB de Portugal e Espanha, mas distintas dos haplótipos WB de suínos asiáticos e do Leste Europeu. Essas descobertas confirmam a origem europeia, especificamente ibérica, do porco sem pelo de Yucatán.

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