Caracterização de bactérias rizosféricas isoladas de solo cultivado com cana-de-açúcar no estado de Tamaulipas, México
Resumo
O estado de Tamaulipas, no México, possui duas importantes usinas açucareiras, com plantações de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) de mais de 50 anos, o objetivo do estudo foi a identificação e caracterização bacteriana na produção de ácido indol- 3- ácido acético (IAA), solubilização de fósforo e crescimento de plantas de isolados bacterianos da rizosfera da cana-de-açúcar. O isolamento e a caracterização morfológica foram realizados em 30 amostras de solo da rizosfera da variedade de cana-de-açúcar CP 72-2086 utilizando os meios Luria-Bertani, ágar vermelho do Congo e ágar batata dextrose. A caracterização molecular foi com o gene 16S rRNA e a inoculação bacteriana consistiu em mudas da variedade CP 72-2086. 121 cepas, Bacillus sp. foi a bactéria mais frequente, 14 espécies foram positivas para fósforo, Bacillus sp. (6), Pseudomonas spp. (5), Paenibacillus (2) Streptomyces venezuelae (1). A maior solubilização de fósforo foi para Pseudomonas mediterranea (21,6 mm). Nove bactérias apresentaram produção próxima a 5 ppm de IAA, destacando-se Bacillus aryabhattai (6 ppm), Bacillus pumilus (5,8 ppm) e Ensifer adhaerens (5,6 ppm). Bacillus megaterium apresentou maior porcentagem de clorofila e nitrogênio foliar. Na presente análise, foram identificadas 38 espécies bacterianas associadas à rizosfera da variedade de cana-de-açúcar CP 72-2086, portanto esses resultados mostraram o potencial para selecionar bactérias nativas que têm a capacidade de estimular o crescimento de plantas da variedade CP 72-2086.
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