Míldio de batata do Equador: avaliação de campo e percepção dos agricultores

• Álvaro Monteros-Altamirano Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIAP, Departamento Nacional de Recursos Fitogenéticos. Estación Experimental Santa Catalina. Quito, Ecuador Código Postal: 171108 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1271-3513
• Ricardo Delgado Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIAP, Programa Nacional de Banano y Plátano. Estación Experimental Litoral Sur, Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5659-9978

Palavras-chave: AUDPC, diversidade, Phytophthora infestans, Solanum tuberosum L.

Resumo

Lancha (requeima), causada por Phytophthora infestans, é uma das doenças da batata mais devastadoras do mundo. Um experimento de campo, em local com alta pressão de P. infestans, no Equador, permitiu avaliar a resistência ou suscetibilidade a esta doença em 31 variedades locais de batata coletadas em Carchi, Chimborazo e Loja. Uma variedade comercial resistente (I-Fripapa) e outra suscetível (Superchola) foram incluídas como referências. Com base na área sob a curva de progresso da doença (AUDPC), foram estabelecidas três categorias: resistente, intermediário e suscetível. As variedades em estudo apresentaram diferentes respostas à doença e apenas cinco variedades locais apresentaram a melhor resistência de campo: Uva, Chaucha, Roja, Guata amarilla, Coneja e Chaucha ratona. Além disso, uma pesquisa com 150 agricultores que cultivam variedades locais de batata nessas três províncias identificou o barco como o mais importante. Conversas informais durante as coletas e reuniões desses agricultores forneceram informações sobre a resistência de suas variedades locais ao barco. Provavelmente, a grande diversidade de culturas em suas fazendas e o plantio de misturas de variedades locais de batata reduzem os efeitos da severidade do barco em seus campos. Uma possível estratégia para melhorar a resistência à lancha de batata pode ser a identificação de acessos com resistência entre variedades nativas locais, parentes selvagens da batata ou a introdução de novas fontes de resistência de outras origens.

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