Efecto del ácido salicílico sobre la germinación y crecimiento inicial del café (Coffea arabica L. var. Costa Rica 95) / Effect of salicylic acid on the germination and initial growth of coffee (Coffea arabica L. var. Costa Rica 95) / Efeito do ácido salicílico sobre a germinação e crescimento inicial do café (Coffea arabica L. var. Costa Rica 95)
Resumo
Resumen
El establecimiento de nuevas plantaciones de cafetos requiere plántulas vigorosas y sanas que garanticen un buen crecimiento y altos rendimientos; de ahí la importancia del estudio del efecto de sustancias bioestimulantes en las fases tempranas de la ontogenia del cultivo. En este sentido, se estudió el efecto combinado de cinco concentraciones de ácido salicílico (0; 0,0125; 0,025; 0,05; 0,1 y 1 mM) y diferentes tiempos de imbibición de las semillas (1, 2, 3 y 4 h), sobre la germinación y crecimiento inicial de plántulas de cafetos (Coffea arabica L.) variedad Costa Rica 95. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar con un arreglo bifactorial, con 24 tratamientos y 20 repeticiones. Se evaluó el porcentaje y tasa de germinación, altura y diámetro del hipocótilo. Los resultados demostraron que las concentraciones (0,0125; 0,025 y 0,05 mM) y tiempos de imbibición de las semillas de 3 y 4 h en ácido salicílico promueven una germinación temprana y un efecto positivo en la altura y el diámetro del hipocótilo.Los hallazgos obtenidos demuestran que el ácido salicílico aplicado en bajas concentraciones puede ser utilizado para acelerar la germinación de semillas de café e inducir el crecimiento inicial de plántulas de cafetos, al tiempo que pudiera considerarse como una opción viable para los productores cafetaleros, tanto por su fácil aplicación como la inocuidad del producto.
Resumo
O estabelecimento de novas plantações de café requer mudas vigorosas e saudáveis que garantam um bom crescimento e altos rendimentos; daí a importância de estudar o efeito das substâncias bioestimulantes nos estágios iniciais da ontogenia da cultura. Neste sentido, foi estudado o efeito combinado de cinco concentrações de ácido salicílico (0; 0,0125; 0,025; 0,05; 0,1 e 1 mM) e diferentes tempos de imbibição das sementes (1, 2, 3 e 4 h), sobre a germinação e crescimento inicial das mudas de plantas de café (Coffea arabica L.) variedade Costa Rica 95. O projeto experimental foi completamente randomizado com uma disposição bifatorial, com 24 tratamentos e 20 repetições. A porcentagem e a taxa de germinação, altura e diâmetro do hipocótilo foram avaliadas. Os resultados mostraram que as concentrações (0,0125; 0,025 e 0,05 mM) e os tempos de imbibição das sementes de 3 e 4 h em ácido salicílico promovem uma germinação precoce e um efeito positivo sobre a altura e o diâmetro do hipocótilo. Os resultados mostram que o ácido salicílico aplicado em baixas concentrações pode ser usado para acelerar a germinação dos grãos de café e induzir o crescimento inicial dos pés de café, enquanto que poderia ser considerado como uma opção viável para os produtores de café, tanto por sua fácil aplicação como pela segurança do produto.
Abstract
The establishment of new coffee plantations requires vigorous and healthy seedlings that guarantee good growth and high yields; hence the importance of studying the effect of bio-stimulant substances in the early stages of the crop's ontogeny. In this sense, the combined effect of five concentrations of salicylic acid (0; 0.0125; 0.025; 0.05; 0.1 and 1 mM) and different times of imbibition of the seeds (1, 2, 3 and 4 h), on the germination and initial growth of coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.) variety Costa Rica 95 was studied. The experimental design was completely randomized with a bifactorial arrangement, with 24 treatments and 20 repetitions. The percentage and germination rate, height and diameter of the hypocotyl were evaluated. The results showed that the concentrations (0.0125; 0.025 and 0.05 mM) and imbibition times of the seeds of 3 and 4 h in salicylic acid promoted an early germination and a positive effect on the height and diameter of the hypocotyl. The findings show that salicylic acid applied in low concentrations can be used to accelerate the germination of coffee seeds and induce the initial growth of coffee plantlets, while it could be considered as a viable option for coffee producers, both for its easy application and the safety of the product.
Downloads
Referências
Anaya, A.M. de L., R. Jarquín Gálvez, C. Hernández-Ramos, M. S. Figueroa y T. Monreal-Vargas. 2011. Biofertilización de café orgánico en etapa de vivero en Chiapas, México. Rev. Mex. de Cien. Agríc.2(3): 417–431.
Bandurska, H. y A. S. Ski. 2005. The effect of salicylic acid on barley response to water deficit. Act. Phy. Plant. 27(3): 379–386. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-005-0015-5
Barskosky, R. R. y F. A. Einhellig. 1993. Effects of salicylic acid on plant-water relationships. Jour. Biol.Chem. 19(2): 11.
Castiaux, M., K. Crossman, M. Jurjonas y R. L. Mondragón. 2014. Diagnóstico participativo para la planeación de la producción de café en la microcuenca la Suiza de Chiapas, México. Colegio de Frontera Sur-Universidad Estatal de Colorado. 418 p.
Cleland, C. F. y O. Tanaka. 1979. Effect of Daylength on the Ability of Salicylic Acid to Induce Flowering in the Long-day Plant Lemna gibba G3 and the Short-day Plant Lemna paucicostata 6746. Plant Phys. 64(3): 421–424. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.64.3.421
Cruz-Castillo, J. G., D. Elías-Román, A. De los Santos-Nen y P. A. Torres-Lima. 1999. Aplicaciones de CPPU (Citocinina) incrementan el crecimiento del cafeto en vivero. Rev. Chap. S. Hort. 5(1): 59–62.
Echevarría-Machado, I., R. M. Rosa y A. Larqué-Saavedra. 2007. Responses of transformed Catharanthus roseus roots to femtomolar concentrations of salicylic acid. Plant Phys. and Bioch.45(6–7): 501–507. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.04.003
Espanany, A. y S. Fallah. 2016. Seed germination of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) in response to salicylic acid and halopriming under cadmium stress. Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology. 6(3): 1701–1713. Available in: doi: 10.22034/ijpp.2016.532675.
Gharib, F. A. y A. Z. Hegazi. 2010. Salicylic Acid Ameliorates Germination, Seedling Growth, Phytohormone and Enzymes Activity in Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Cold Stress. Jour. Amer. Scien. 6(10): 675–683.
Guan L. y J. G. Scandalios. 1995. Developmentally related responses of maize catalase genes to salicylic acid. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 92 (13):5930–5934. Available in: doi.org/10.1073/pnas.92.13.5930.
Hayat, S., Q. Fariduddin, B. Ali y A. Ahmad. 2005. Effect of salicylic acid on growth and enzyme activities of wheat seedlings. Acta Agronomica Hungarica, 53(4): 433–437. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1556/AAgr.53.2005.4.9.
Hayat, S., A. Ahmad y M. N. Alyemeni. 2013. Salicylic Acid, Plant Growth and Development. New York London. 395 p. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6428-6
Korkmaz, A., M. Uzunlu y A. R. Demirkiran. 2007. Treatment with acetyl salicylic acid protects muskmelon seedlings against drought stress. Act. Phys. Plant. 29 (6): 503–508. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-007-0060-3
Larqué‐Saavedra, A. 1978. The Antiranspirant Effect of Acetylsalcylic Acid on Phaseolus vulgaris. Phys. Plant. 43(2): 126–128. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1978.tb01579.x
Manthe, B., M. Schulz y H. Schnabl. 1992. Effects of salicylic acid on growth and stomatal movements of Vicia faba L.: Evidence for salicylic acid metabolization. Jour.Chem. Ecol. 18(9): 1525–1539. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00993226
Matthews, S. y Khajeh-Hosseini, M. 2007. Length of the lag period of germination and metabolic repair explain vigour differences in seed lots of maize (Zea mays). S. Scien. Tech. 35(1): 200–212. Available in: https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2007.35.1.18
Métraux, J. P., H. Signer, J. Ryals, E. Ward, J. Gaudin, K. Raschdorf, E. Schmid, W. Blum y B. Inverardi. 1990. Increase in salicylic acid at the onset of systemic acquired resistance in cucumber. Science. 250(8): 8–10.
Nazar, R., N. Iqbal y N. A. Khan. 2017. Salicylic acid: A multifaceted hormone. Salicylic Acid: A Multifaceted Hormone. Springer. Singapore. 243 p. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6068-7
Rajjou, L. 2006. Proteomic Investigation of the Effect of Salicylic Acid on Arabidopsis Seed Germination and Establishment of Early Defense Mechanisms. P. Phys. 141(3): 910–923.
Rao M.V., G. Paliyath, D. P. Ormrod, D. P. Murr y C. B. Watkins.1997. Influence of salicylic acid on H2O2 production, oxidative stress, and H2O2-metabolizing enzymes: salicylic acid-mediated oxidative damage requires H2O2. Plant Phys.115:137–149.
Rivas-San Vicente, M. y J. Plasencia. 2011. Salicylic acid beyond defence: Its role in plant growth and development. Journal of Experimental Botany, 62(10): 3321–3338. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/err031
Rodríguez-Larramendi, L., M. González-Ramírez, M. Gómez-Rincón, F. Guevara-Hernández, M. A. Salas-Marina y A. Gordillo-Curiel. 2017. Efectos del ácido salicílico en la germinación y crecimiento inicial de plántulas de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Rev. Fac. Agron. (LUZ) 34(3): 253–269.
Sadeghian-Khalajabadi, S. y H. González Osorio. 2014. Respuesta del café (Coffea arabica L.) a fuentes y dosis de nitrógeno en la etapa de almácigo. Cenicafé 65(1): 34–43.
Sadeghian, S. y R. D. Zapata. 2015. Growth of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) During nursery’s stage in response to the salinity generated by fertilizers. Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas, 31(2): 40–50.
Sadoun M., E. S. y F. M. Mohamed. 2016. Growth and Yield of Cucumber Plants Derived from Seeds pretreated with Salicylic Acid. Jour. Biol.Chem. 11(1): 541–561.
Shakirova, F. M. 2007. Role of hormonal system in the manifestation of growth promoting and antistress action of salicylic acid. Salicylic Acid: A Plant Hormone, 69–89. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-5184-0.
Singh, P., A. Kumar, V. Chaturvedi y B. B. Bose. 2010. Effects of salicylic acid on seedling growth and nitrogen metabolism in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Nitrogen nutrition and role of salicylic acid effects of salicylic acid on seedling growth and nitrogen metabolism in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Jour. Str. Phys. Bioch. 6(3): 102–113.
Snedecor, G.W. y W.G. Cochran.1989. Statistical Methods, Eighth Edition, Iowa State University Press. 507 p.
StatSoft Inc. 2008. STATISTICA (Data Analysis Software System), version 8.0. Disponible en: http://www. statsoft.com/.
Utria-Borges, E., V. Rodríguez-Oquendo, L. G. Moisés-Medina, J. O. Calderón-Agüero y F. Suárez-Soria. 2004. Respuesta de plántulas de cafeto (Coffea arabica L.) a la aplicación de Brasinoesteroides en diferentes concentraciones y etapas de su desarrollo. Rev. Chap. S. Hort. 10 (1): 11–14.
Xie, Z., Z. L. Zhang, S. Hanzlik, E. Cook y Q. J. Shen. 2007. Salicylic acid inhibits gibberellin-induced alpha-amylase expression and seed germination via a pathway involving an abscisic-acid-inducible WRKY gene. Plant molecular biology, 64(3), 293-303.
