Efeito do preparo do solo e da densidade de semeadura em Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz sob clima semiárido

• Mohamed Seddik Benattia Laboratory for Improvement and Development of Plant and Animal Production (LADPVA), Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Ferhat Abbas Setif 1, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1463-4932
• Ramdane Benniou Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohamed Boudiaf, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-6152
• Amar Mebarkia Laboratory for Improvement and Development of Plant and Animal Production (LADPVA), Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Ferhat Abbas Setif 1, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8838-7737
• Abderrahmane Hannachi National Agronomic Research Institute of Algeria (INRAA), Setif Research Unit, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6180-9204
• Dahbia Izountar Laboratory of Sustainable Management of Natural Resources in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas, Salhi Ahmed University Centre of Naama, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3526-5845
• Mouna Dib Laboratory of Natural Substances, Biomolecules and Biotechnological Applications, Department of Natural and Life Sciences, Larbi Ben M’Hidi University, Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0695-2665

Palavras-chave: culturas oleaginosas, rendimento em sementes, teor de óleo, perfil de ácidos graxos, ácido α-linolênico

Resumo

A bacia do Mediterrâneo está a aquecer aproximadamente 20 % mais rápido do que a média global. Nos países do sul do Mediterrâneo, há uma necessidade urgente de identificar e adotar culturas alternativas que combinem rentabilidade com adaptabilidade para os agricultores locais. A camelina (Camelina sativa) foi proposta como candidato à diversificação. No entanto, o seu desempenho agronómico em condições semiáridas locais ainda é pouco compreendido. Para abordar esta lacuna, foi realizado um estudo de campo na região de Sétif, na Argélia, ao longo de duas temporadas agrícolas, examinando os efeitos de três sistemas de lavoura (lavoura convencional, lavoura mínima e sementeira direta) e de duas densidades de sementeira (600 e 800 sementes.m^-2). Os resultados mostraram que a lavoura teve um efeito significativo no estabelecimento das plantas, com a maior emergência de plântulas (436,28 plantas.m^-2) e a densidade final de plantas na colheita (332,22 plantas.m^-2) obtidas sob lavoura convencional. O rendimento de sementes foi semelhante entre a lavoura convencional (120,74 g.m^-2) e a lavoura mínima (106,94 g.m^-2), e ambos os sistemas superaram significativamente a semeadura direta (72,35 g.m^-2). A temporada agrícola foi identificada como o fator predominante que influencia a composição de ácidos graxos do óleo de camelina, com ácido α-linolênico variando entre 30,94 % e 35,22 % e ácido oleico entre 14,33 % e 18,82 %. Estes resultados demonstram que a camelina é uma cultura oleaginosa resiliente e promissora, capaz de diversificar e reforçar os sistemas agrícolas na Argélia e em regiões semiáridas semelhantes.

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