Características biométricas de los cereales forrajes de invierno cultivados bajo fertilización con nitrógeno en condiciones de lluvia templada

• Muhammad Jamil Department of Agronomy, Faculty of crop and food sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Poonch Rawalakot https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1253-503X
• Muhammad Ansar Department of Agronomy, Faculty of crop and food sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4451-4321
• Zammurad Iqbal Ahmed Department of Agronomy, Faculty of crop and food sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7567-4569
• Tanveer Ahmed Department of Livestock Production and Management, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4289-8803
• Muhammad Shehzad Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Poonch Rawalakot https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6438-7919
• Aqeel Ahmad Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Poonch Rawalakot https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1003-0735
• Imran Mahmood Department of Agronomy, Faculty of crop and food sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5586-3271

Palabras clave: rendimiento, ensilaje, niveles de nitrógeno, cereales forrajeros de invierno

Resumen

Los agricultores de las zonas montañosas se enfrentan a una grave escasez de forraje en la temporada de invierno, excepto para tener solo tallos secos de cereales de verano. El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la adaptabilidad de los cereales forrajeros de invierno (cebada, avena, centeno y triticale) y cuantificar la dosis adecuada de nitrógeno (0, 75,150 y 225 kg.ha^-1) para la valoración de características biométricas y cualitativas de cereales forrajeros de invierno (WFC) en fase de arranque (BS) y fase de masa de ordeño (MDS) cultivados en condiciones templadas. Se llevaron a cabo pruebas de campo de dos años (2016-2017 y 2017-2018) en la Universidad de Poonch Rawalakot, Pakistán. El forraje cosechado luego se conserva como ensilado agregando ácido fórmico y melaza como aditivos a razón de 5 kg.t^-1. El cultivo de centeno en conjunto con 225 kg.ha^-1 de nitrógeno rindió mayor altura de planta lo que llevó a la mayor producción de forraje verde (55413 y 43542 kg.ha^-1) y de materia seca (188471 y 12440 kg.ha^-1) durante años 2017 y 2018, respectivamente. Considerando que, el cultivar de avena se comportó mejor en peso fresco, peso seco y área foliar por planta. Se registraron más contenidos de proteína cruda para el cultivo de triticale a nivel N3 con el uso de melaza durante ambos años en ambas etapas de corte (masa de arranque y ordeño). Se observó más fibra cruda en el cultivo de cebada al nivel de control de fertilización con nitrógeno tanto en la etapa de arranque como en la etapa de masa de ordeño. El análisis de correlación reveló una interrelación directa entre los atributos de rendimiento y el rendimiento de forraje de los cereales forrajeros de invierno, lo que indica la necesidad de suministrar nitrógeno a razón de 225 kg.ha^-1 para mejorar las características biométricas de los WFC.

Citas

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