Effect of duckweed meal dietary inclusion on growth performance and survival of African catfish fingerlings / Efecto de la inclusión de harina de lenteja de agua en dieta sobre el crecimiento y la supervivencia de los alevines de bagre Africano / Efeito da inclusão de farinha de lentilha d'água na dieta sobre o crescimento e sobrevivência de alevinos de bagre Africano
Resumen
Abstract
Currently, the use of unconventional food sources in the inclusion of fish diets is cause of great interest. The growth performance of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) was evaluated, with the inclusion of duckweed meal (Lemna perpusilla) in four levels (0, 6, 12 and 18 %) in the diet. African catfish with an average weight of 1.27 ± 0.03 g, were distributed in a completely randomized design, with 16 experimental cages (four replicates/treatment). The fingerlings were fed for 48 days of experimentation. An analysis of variance and a Duncan´s test were performed. No significant differences were found (p< 0.05) for the first two levels evaluated, but with the rest there were differences, as the percentage of inclusion of the duckweed meal in the ration increased. Final weight was decreasing, as well as absolute growth rate, increase in daily weight, feed conversion ratio and food efficiency. Survival throughout the experiment was between 72 y 65 % in all treatments. The inclusion of duckweed meal in the diet did not affect the parameters of water quality. It was concluded that the L. perpusillase meal can be included up to 12 % in diets for African catfish fingerlings, without affecting the growth performance.
Resumen
El uso de alimentos no convencionales en las dietas para peces es actualmente de gran interés. Se evaluó el comportamiento productivo de alevines de bagre africano (Clarias gariepinus), con la inclusión de la harina de la lenteja de agua (Lemna perpusilla) en cuatro niveles (0, 6, 12 y 18 %) en la formulación de la dieta. Se utilizaron 240 animales, con un peso promedio de 1,27 ± 0,03 g, distribuidos en un diseño completamente al azar, con 15 por réplicas (cuatro réplicas/tratamiento). Se realizó un análisis de varianza y una prueba de medias por Duncan. Los alevines fueron alimentados durante 48 días, no se encontraron diferencias significativas (p< 0,05) para los dos primeros niveles evaluados, y si con los restantes, en la medida que aumentaba el porcentaje de inclusión de harina de la lenteja de agua en la ración. El peso final fue descendiendo, así como el crecimiento absoluto, incremento en peso diario, factor de conversión alimenticia y eficiencia alimentaria. La supervivencia durante todo el experimento estuvo entre 72 y 65 %. La inclusión de este alimento en la dieta no afectó los parámetros de calidad del agua. Se concluyó que la harina de L. perpusilla se puede incluir hasta 12 % en dietas para alevines de bagre africano, sin afectar los indicadores bio-productivos.
Resumo
O uso de insumos alimentares não convencionais na inclusão de dietas para peixes é atualmente de grande interesse. Foi avaliado o comportamento produtivo de alevinos de jundiá (Clarias gariepinus), com a inclusão de farinha de lentilha-d'água (Lemna perpusilla) em quatro níveis (0, 6, 12 e 18 %) na formulação da dieta. Foram utilizados 240 animais, com peso médio de 1.27 ± 0.03 g, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 15 por repetições (quatro repetições/tratamento). Foi realizada uma análise de variância e um teste de médias de Duncan. Aos 48 dias de cultivo experimental, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas (p< 0,05) para os dois primeiros níveis avaliados, e se com os demais, conforme aumentou a porcentagem de inclusão de farinha de lentilha-d'água na ração. O peso final foi diminuindo, assim como o crescimento absoluto, aumento do peso diário, fator de conversão alimentar e eficiência alimentar. A sobrevivência durante todo o experimento foi entre 72 e 65 %. A inclusão desse alimento na dieta não afetou os parâmetros de qualidade da água. Concluiu-se que o farelo de L. perpusilla pode ser incluído em até 12 % em dietas para alevinos bagrefrenses, sem afetar os indicadores de bioprodução.Descargas
Citas
Adebola, A.O., A. Funmilola and F. R. Olorunleke. 2015. Nutrient utilization and growth of Clarias gariepinus fed four different commercial feeds. Int. J. Fish. Aquac. 7(7): 107-110.
Admassu, D., L. Abera and Z. Tadesse. 2015. The food and feeding habits of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), in Lake Babogaya, Ethiopia. GJFS. 3(4):211-220.
Anderson, K. E., Z. Lowman, A. M. Stomp and J. Chang. 2011. Duckweed as a feed ingredient in laying hen diets and its effect on egg production and composition. Int. J. Poultry Sci. 10 (1): 4-7.
Ansal, M. D., A. Dhawan and V. I. Kaur. 2010. Duckweed based bioremediation of village ponds: An ecologically and economically viable integrated approach for rural development through aquaculture. Livest. Res. Rural Dev. 22(129): 1-8.
Association of Official Analytical Chemists International (AOAC). 2019. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, 21st Edition. Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.
Appenroth, K. .J., K. S. Sree, V. Böhm, S. Hammann, W. Vetter, M. Leiterer and G. Jahreis. 2017. Nutritional value of duckweeds (Lemnaceae) as human food. Food Chem. 217: 266-273.
Caicedo, J. R., S. P. Van Der, O. Arce and H. Gijzen. 2000. Effect of total ammonium nitrogen concentration and pH ongrow thrates of duckweed (Spirodela polyrrhiza). Water Research. 3(2): 12-16.
Cuzon, G. and J. Guillaume. 1997. Energy and protein: energy ratio. p. 51–70. In: D’Abramo, L. R., D. E., Conklin and D.M., Akiyama (Eds.). Crustacean Nutrition. Advances in World Aquaculture, vol. 6. Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA.
da Silva, J. C., E. A. Gubiani and R. L. Delariva. 2014. Use of food resources by small fish species in Neotropical rivers: responses to spatial and temporal variations. Zoologia. 31: 435-444.
Dada, A. A. and B. D. Olugbemi. 2013. Dietary effects of two commercial feed additives on growth performance and body composition of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. Afr. J. Food Sci. 7(9): 325-328.
Dadebo, E., D. Aemro, and Y Tekle-Giorgis. 2014. Food and feeding habits of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) (Pisces: Clariidae) in Lake Koka, Ethiopia. Afr. J. Ecol. 52(4): 471-478.
FAO. 2020. FishStatJa tool for fishery statistics analysis, Release 2.0.0. Universal software for fishery statistical time series. Global capture and aquaculture production: Quantities 1950-2018; Aquaculture values 1984-2018. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Fisheries Department, Fishery Information, Data and Statistics Unit. Rome.
Fasakin, E. A., A. M. Balogun and O. A. Fagbenro. 2001. Evaluation of sun-dried water fern, Azolla africana and duckweed, Spirodela polyrrhiza in practical diets for nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. J. Appl. Aquac. 11(1): 83-92.
Figueroa, V. 1996. Producción porcina con cultivos tropicales y reciclajes de nutrientes. Fundación CIPAV, Cali, Colombia. 155 p.
Flores-Miranda, M. C., A. Luna-González, D. V. Cortés-Espinosa, P. Álvarez-Ruiz, E. Cortés-Jacinto, F. J. Valdez-González, R. Escamilla-Montes and H. A. González-Ocampo. 2015. Effects of diets with fermented duckweed (Lemna sp.) on growth performance and gene expression in the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquacult Int. 23: 547-561.
Herawati, V. E., Pinandoyo, Y. S. Darmanto, N. Rismaningsih, S. Windarto and O. K. Radjasa. 2020. The effect of fermented duckweed (Lemna minor) in feed on growth and nutritional quality of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Biodiversitas 21(7): 3350-3358.
Houlihan, D., T. Boujard and M Jobling. 2001. Food Intake in Fish. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK. 143 p.
Islami, K. M. S. 2002. Feasibility of duckweed as poultry feed-A review. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 72(6): 486-491.
Kader, M. A., M. Bulbul, M. S. Hossain, S. Yokoyama, M. Ishikawa and S. Koshio. 2013. Improved utilization of a plant byproducts mixture by supplementing dietary bamboo charcoal for Juvenile Amberjack Seriola dumerili. South Pacific Studie. 34(1): 1–12.
Korkut, A. Y., A. Gunes, A. Kop, H. Cakar, O. Akat, M. A. Guney, B. Ozkul, E. Koru, C. Suzer, S. Cirik, K. Firat, S. Saka and C. Goktepe. 2016. Preliminary study for utilization of some invasiveaquatic plants as raw material for aquaculture feeds. Fresenius Environ. Bull. 25(11): 4915-4920.
Leng, R. A., J. H. Stambolie and R. Bell. 1995. Duckweed a potential high protein feed resource for domestic animal and fish. Livestock Res. Rural Dev. 7(3): 1-5.
Lim, S. J. and K. J. Lee. 2011. A microbial fermentation of soybean and cottonseed meal increases antioxidant activity and gossypol detoxification in diets for nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. J. World Aquacult. Soc. 42(4): 494– 503.
Llanes, J. and J. Toledo. 2016. Desempeño productivo de Clarias gariepinus al reducir la ración e incrementar la proteína dietética. Revista Cubana de Investigaciones Pesqueras. 33(1): 59-63.
Mambrini, M. and J. Guillaume. 2011. Protein nutrition. In: Guillaume, J., S., Kaushik, P., Bergot, and R., Métailler. (Eds.). Nutrition and Feeding on Fish and Crustaceous. Springer and Praxis Publishing, Chichester, UK. p 81-110.
McBride, R. S., S. Somarakis, G. R. Fitzhugh, A. Albert, N. A. Yaragina, M. J. Wuenschel and A. Alonso-Fernández. 2015. Energy acquisition and allocation to egg production in relation to fish reproductive strategies. Fish Fish. 16(1): 23-57.
Méndez, Y., D. Chacón, Y. Pérez y J. Ramírez. 2018. El crecimiento y la supervivencia de alevines de Clarias gariepinus con la inclusión de Azolla en la dieta. REDVET. 19(4): 1-5.
Méndez-Martínez, Y., M. U. García-Guerrero, F. G. Arcos-Ortega, L. R. Martínez-Córdova, S. Yamasaki-Granados, J. C. Pérez-Rodríguez and E. Cortés-Jacinto. 2018. Effect of different ratios of dietary protein-energy on growth, body proximal composition, digestive enzyme activity, and hepatopancreas histology in Macrobrachium americanum (Bate, 1868) prawn juveniles. Aquaculture. 485: 1–11.
Méndez-Martínez, Y., S. Yamasaki-Granados, M. U. García-Guerrero, L. R. Martínez-Córdova, M. E. Rivas-Vega, F. G. Arcos-Ortega and E. Cortés-Jacinto. 2017. Effect of dietary protein content on growth rate, survival and body composition of juvenile cauque river prawn, Macrobrachium americanum (Bate 1868). Aquac. Res. 48: 741-751.
Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp (NRC). 2011. National Research Council, National Academies Press, Animal Nutrition Series, Washington, DC. 71 p.
Ogunji, J. O. and M. Wirth. 2001. Alternative protein sources as substitutes for fishmeal in the diet of Young Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linn). Isr. J Aquacult. Bamid. 53(1): 34-38.
Peters, R. R. D., E. D. A. Morales, N. M. S. Morales and J. L. R. Hernández. 2009. Feeding Quality Evaluation of Lemna obscura Meal as Ingredients in the Elaboration of Food for Red Tilapia (Orechromis spp.). Revista Científica, FCV-LUZ. 19(3): 303-310.
Procedimiento Operacional de Trabajo (POT). 2015. Procedimiento Operacional de Trabajo actualizado, para el cultivo intensivo de Pez Gato Africano. Ministerio de la Industria Pesquera. La Habana. Cuba. 39 p.
Coche, A. E. P. 1989. Selected Aspects of Warmwater Fish Culture. Biology and culture of african catfish. Food and Agriculture Organizations of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. 182 pp. Avalaible in: http://www.fao.org/3/t8389e/T8389E00.htm
Putra, I., R. Rusliadi, M. Fauzi, U. M. Tang and Z. A. Muchlisin. 2017. Growth performance and feed utilization of African catfish Clarias gariepinus fed a commercial diet and reared in the biofloc system enhanced with probiotic. F1000 Res. 6: 1545–1553.
Sirakov, I. and K. Velichkova. 2018. The Influence of Aquaponically Grown Duckweed (Lemna minuta Kunth) Used for Composition of Sustainable Diets on Hydrochemical and Technological Parameters in Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Turkish J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 18: 1037-1044.
Sogbesan, A. O., N. Ajuonu, B. O. Musa and A. M. Adewole. 2006. Harvesting techniques and evaluation of maggot meal as animal dietary protein source for “Heteroclarias” in outdoor concrete tanks. World J. Agric. Res. 2(4): 394-402.
Talukdar, M. Z. H., M. Shahjahan and M. S. Rahman. 2012. Suitability of duckweed (Lemna minor) as feed for fish in polyculture system. Int. J. Agril Res. Innov. and Tech. 2: 42-46.
Uddin, M. N., M. S. Rahman and M. Shahjahan. 2007. Effects of duckweed (Lemna minor) as supplementary feed on monoculture of GIFT strain of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Progress. Agric. 18: 183-188.
Umagat, H. P Kucera and L. F. Wen. 1982. Total amino acid analysis using pre-column fluorescence derivatization. J. Chromatogr. 239: 463–474.
Van-Weerd, J. H., K. H. A. Khalaf, F. J. Aartsen and P. A. T. Tijssen. 2000. Balance trials with African catfish Clarias gariepinus fed phytase-treated soybean meal-based diets. Aquac. Nutr. 5(2): 135-142.
Yeo, M. G., C. M. Blé, A. K. Otchoumou, S. Dabonne, Y. L. Alla and A. O. Etchian. 2017. Digestibility and growth performance in fingerlings of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fed with diet containing high-carbohydrate ingredients. Int. J. Fish. Aquat. Studies 5(4): 171-175.
Zhou, Q. C., B. P. Tan, K. S. Mai and Y. J. Liu. 2004. Apparent digestibility of selected feedin gredients for juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum. Aquaculture 241: 441-451.
