Variación relacionada con la edad y análisis multivariado de las características de calidad interna y externa del huevo en gallinas ISA Brown

• Douaa Amireche PADESCA Research Laboratory, University of Constantine 1, Institute of Veterinary Sciences El-Khroub, Constantine, Algeria https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4957-9557
• Nedjoua Arzour-Lakehal PADESCA Research Laboratory, University of Constantine 1, Institute of Veterinary Sciences El-Khroub, Constantine, Algeria https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2504-0882
• Asma Belagoune PADESCA Research Laboratory, University of Constantine 1, Institute of Veterinary Sciences El-Khroub, Constantine, Algeria https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5600-5616

Resumen

Este estudio evaluó las variaciones relacionadas con la edad en los parámetros internos y externos de la calidad del huevo en gallinas ISA Brown, criadas en condiciones semiáridas de Argelia. Las gallinas fueron evaluadas en dos etapas de producción: 5.977 en el pico de puesta (25–30 semanas) y 5.430 en la fase final (75–80 semanas). Se recolectaron 360 huevos en total (180 por etapa), a razón de 30 huevos por semana, seleccionados al azar al inicio de cada semana. Se midieron el peso del huevo, el grosor de la cáscara, el índice de forma, los índices de yema y albúmina, las unidades Haugh y el color de la yema. Se utilizó un análisis de varianza de una vía (ANOVA) para detectar diferencias relacionadas con la edad, la correlación de Pearson para examinar las interrelaciones entre los rasgos y un análisis de componentes principales (ACP) para identificar patrones generales asociados con la edad. Se observaron diferencias significativas entre las dos etapas de puesta. Los huevos del pico de puesta mostraron una mejor calidad interna, especialmente en la altura de la albúmina y unidades Haugh, mientras que, los huevos de la fase final presentaron mayor masa pero menor integridad de albúmina. El grosor de la cáscara y la forma de la yema se mantuvieron relativamente estables. El análisis de correlación reveló asociaciones más fuertes entre los rasgos durante el pico de puesta, las cuales se debilitaron con el avance de la edad. El ACP mostró tendencias contrastantes relacionadas con la edad entre el tamaño del huevo y la calidad interna: el tamaño del huevo aumentó con la edad, mientras que la calidad interna disminuyó, mientras que los rasgos relacionados con la cáscara y la yema permanecieron relativamente constantes. Los resultados de éste estudio son aplicables a gallinas de hasta 80 semanas de edad. Se recomiendan estudios adicionales que abarquen ciclos de producción más prolongados paraedeterminar si estos patrones se mantienen más allá de este período.

Citas

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