Nutritional and physicochemical profile of the pitahaya cultivated in the central coast of Peru
Keywords:
macroelements, microelements, fiber, food composition, C vitamin, Hylocereus spp.
Abstract
Pitahaya, known as "dragon fruit", is an exotic fruit with excellent nutritional properties; however, the species from the Peruvian coast have been little studied. The objective of the present study was to determine the physicochemical and nutritional composition of two species of pitahaya Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britt and Rose (red pitahaya) and Hylocereus megalanthus (yellow pitahaya), cultivated in the central coast of Peru. Proximal analysis, physicochemical and mineral contents were determined by standardized methods. From the results found, the fiber content of red pitahaya (4.30 ± 0.75 g.100 g-1) and vitamin C (14.74 ± 0.53 mg.100 g-1) stand out. The macroelement with the highest proportion corresponded to potassium (215.83 ± 11.72 and 98.41 ± 5.54 mg.100 g-1, for red and yellow pitahaya, respectively). This was followed by phosphorus (28.70 ± 0.28 and 17.99 ± 1.48 mg.100 g-1, for red and yellow pitahaya, respectively) and magnesium (29.88 ± 0.53 and 16.09 ± 2.80 mg.100 g-1, for red and yellow pitahaya, respectively). Regarding the content of microelements, the contents of manganese (5.48 ± 0.1 mg.kg-1) and zinc (5.39 ± 0.25 mg.kg-1) for red pitahaya stood out; and in the case of yellow pitahaya, the highest values corresponded to iron (21.07 ± 0.18 mg.kg-1) and manganese (7.49 ± 1.12 mg.kg-1). The study concluded that red and yellow pitahaya fruits represent an important source of fiber, minerals and vitamin C and they can be used for the benefit of human health and nutrition.
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References
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Lima, C. A. D., Faleiro, F. G., Junqueira, N. T. V., Cohen, K. D. O., & Guimarães, T. G. (2013). Características físico-químicas, polifenóis e flavonoides amarelos em frutos de espécies de pitaias comerciais e nativas do cerrado. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 35(2), 565-570. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452013000200027
Menezes Cordeiro, M. H., Mendes Da Silva, J., Polete Mizobutsi, G., Hiydu Mizobutsi, E., & Ferreira Da Mota, W. (2015). Physical, chemical and nutritional characterization of pink pitaya of red pulp. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 37(1), 20-26. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-2945-046/14
Mercado-Silva, E. M. (2018). Pitaya—Hylocereus undatus (Haw). Exotic fruits, 339-349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803138-4.00045-9.
Minitab, L. L. C. (2018). Minitab 18. Minitab Inc. Pennsylvania, USA.
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Nerd, A., Gutman, F., & Mizrahi, Y. (1999). Ripening and postharvest behaviour of fruits of two Hylocereus species (Cactaceae). Journal of Postharvest Biology and Technology, 17(1), 39-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(99)00035-6
Obregón-La Rosa, A. J., Augusto Elías-Peñafiel, C. C., Contreras-López, E., Arias-Arroyo, G. C., & Bracamonte-Romero, M. (2021). Características fisicoquímicas, nutricionales y morfológicas de frutas nativas. Revista de Investigaciones Altoandinas, 23(1), 17-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18271/ria.2021.202
Pistollato, F., Forbes-Hernandez, T. Y., Iglesias, R. C., Ruiz, R., Elexpuru Zabaleta, M., Dominguez, I., Cianciosi, D., Quiles, J. L., Giampieri, F., & Battino, M. (2020). Effects of caloric restriction on immunosurveillance, microbiota and cancer cell phenotype: Possible implications for cancer treatment. Seminars in Cancer Biology. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.017
Reyes, M., Gómez, I., y Espinoza, C. (2017). Tablas peruanas de composición de alimentos. Lima, Perú: Instituto Nacional de Salud. https://repositorio.ins.gob.pe/xmlui/bitstream/handle/INS/1034/tablas-peruanas-QR.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y
Sanín, A., Navia, D. P., & Serna-Jiménez, J. A. (2020). Functional Foods from Crops on the Northern Region of the South American Andes: The Importance of Blackberry, Yacon, Açai, Yellow Pitahaya and the Application of Its Biocompounds. International Journal of Fruit Science, 20(3),1784-1804. https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2020.1834894
Sato, S. T. A., Ribeiro, S. D. C. A., Sato, M. K., & Souza, J. N. S. (2014). Caracterização física e físico-química de pitayas vermelhas (Hylocereus costaricensis) produzidas em três municípios paraenses.
Torres Grisales, Y., Melo Sabogal, D. V., Torres-Valenzuela, L., Serna-Jiménez, J., & Sanín Villarreal, A. (2017). Evaluation of bioactive compounds with functional interest from yellow pitahaya (Selenicereus megalanthus Haw). Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín, 70(3), 8311-8318. https://doi.org/10.15446/rfna.v70n3.66330
Verona-Ruiz, A., Urcia-Cerna, J., & Paucar-Menacho, L. M. (2020). Pitahaya (Hylocereus spp.): Cultivo, características fisicoquímicas, composición nutricional y compuestos bioactivos. Scientia Agropecuaria, 11(3), 439-453. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2020.03.16
Wall, M. M., & Khan, S. A. (2008). Postharvest quality of dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) after X-ray irradiation quarantine treatment. HortScience, 43(7), 2115-2119. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.43.7.2115
Albalasmeh, A. A., Berhe, A. A., & Ghezzehei, T. A. (2013). A new method for rapid determination of carbohydrate and total carbon concentrations using UV spectrophotometry. Carbohydrate Polymers, 97(2), 253-261. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.04.072
Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC). (1995). Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC International (16th ed.). Arlington, VA, EE.UU. AOAC.
Benassi, M.D.T., & Antunes, A.J. (1988). A Comparison of metaphosphoric and oxalic acids as extractants solutions for the determination of vitamin C in selected vegetables. Arquivos de Biologia e Tecnologia, 31(4), 507-513.
Cañar, Y., Caetano, M., & Bonilla-Morales, M. (2014). Caracterización fisicoquímica y proximal del fruto de pitahaya amarilla [Selenicereus megalanthus (K. Schum. Ex Vaupel) Moran] cultivada en Colombia. Revista Agronomía, 22 (1 ), 77-87. http://vip.ucaldas.edu.co/agronomia/downloads/Agronomia22(1)_8.pdf
Chauca Aguilar, M., & Chávez Quintana, S. G. (2020). Fenoles y capacidad antioxidante de Psidium guajava, Vaccinium myrtillus, Selenicereus megalanthus y Physalis peruviana de diferentes procedencias. Bioagro, 32(3), 225-230. https://revistas.uclave.org/index.php/bioagro/article/view/2790
de Oliveira, M. M. T., Shuhua, L., Kumbha, D. S., Zurgil, U., Raveh, E., & Tel-Zur, N. (2020). Performance of Hylocereus (Cactaceae) species and interspecific hybrids under high-temperature stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 153, 30-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.044
Food and Nutrition Board (FNB), Institute of Medicine (IOM). (2000). Dietary Reference Intakes for vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium and carotenoids. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00596-7
Fuster, G. O., & Marín, M. G. (2007). Actualización en requerimientos nutricionales. Endocrinología y Nutrición, 54 (1), 17-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1575-0922(07)71523-1
Gunasena, H. P. M., Pushpakumara, D. K. N. G., & Kariyawasam, M. (2006). Dragon fruit-Hylocereus undatus (Haw) Britton and Rose: a fruit for the future. Sri Lanka Council For Agricultural Policy, Wijerama Mawatha, Colombo 7; Sri Lanka.
Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas y Certificaciones - ICONTEC. (1996). Norma técnica colombiana 3554: Frutas frescas, pitahaya amarilla. NTC, Bogotá, Colombia.
Jaafar, R. A., Rahman, A. R. B. A., Mahmod, N. Z. C., & Vasudevan, R. (2009). Proximate Analysis of Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyhizus). American Journal of Applied Sciences, 6(7), 1341-1346. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2009.1341.1346
Junqueira, K. P., Faleiro, F. G., Bellon, G., Junqueira, N. T. V., Fonseca, K. G. d., Lima, C. A. d., & Santos, E. C. d. (2010). Variabilidade genética de acessos de pitaya com diferentes níveis de produção por meio de marcadores RAPD. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 32(3), 840-846. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-29452010005000107
Juárez-Cruz, A., Livera-Muñoz, M., Sosa-Montes, E., Goytia-Jiménez, M., González-Hernández, V. A., & Bárcena-Gama, R. (2012). Composición química de tallos inmaduros de Acanthocereus spp. e Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose. Revista fitotecnia mexicana, 35(2), 171-175. https://doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2012.2.171
Leterme, P., Buldgen, A., Estrada, F., & Londoño, A. M. (2006). Mineral content of tropical fruits and unconventional foods of the Andes and the rain forest of Colombia. Food Chemistry, 95(4), 644-652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.02.003
Lima, C. A. D., Faleiro, F. G., Junqueira, N. T. V., Cohen, K. D. O., & Guimarães, T. G. (2013). Características físico-químicas, polifenóis e flavonoides amarelos em frutos de espécies de pitaias comerciais e nativas do cerrado. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 35(2), 565-570. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452013000200027
Menezes Cordeiro, M. H., Mendes Da Silva, J., Polete Mizobutsi, G., Hiydu Mizobutsi, E., & Ferreira Da Mota, W. (2015). Physical, chemical and nutritional characterization of pink pitaya of red pulp. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 37(1), 20-26. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-2945-046/14
Mercado-Silva, E. M. (2018). Pitaya—Hylocereus undatus (Haw). Exotic fruits, 339-349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803138-4.00045-9.
Minitab, L. L. C. (2018). Minitab 18. Minitab Inc. Pennsylvania, USA.
Morales de León, J., Bourges, R.H., & Camacho, P. (2015). Tablas de composición de alimentos y productos alimenticios. CIA. Periodística S.A DE C.V. México. https://www.incmnsz.mx/2019/TABLAS_ALIMENTOS.pdf
Nerd, A., Gutman, F., & Mizrahi, Y. (1999). Ripening and postharvest behaviour of fruits of two Hylocereus species (Cactaceae). Journal of Postharvest Biology and Technology, 17(1), 39-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(99)00035-6
Obregón-La Rosa, A. J., Augusto Elías-Peñafiel, C. C., Contreras-López, E., Arias-Arroyo, G. C., & Bracamonte-Romero, M. (2021). Características fisicoquímicas, nutricionales y morfológicas de frutas nativas. Revista de Investigaciones Altoandinas, 23(1), 17-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18271/ria.2021.202
Pistollato, F., Forbes-Hernandez, T. Y., Iglesias, R. C., Ruiz, R., Elexpuru Zabaleta, M., Dominguez, I., Cianciosi, D., Quiles, J. L., Giampieri, F., & Battino, M. (2020). Effects of caloric restriction on immunosurveillance, microbiota and cancer cell phenotype: Possible implications for cancer treatment. Seminars in Cancer Biology. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.017
Reyes, M., Gómez, I., y Espinoza, C. (2017). Tablas peruanas de composición de alimentos. Lima, Perú: Instituto Nacional de Salud. https://repositorio.ins.gob.pe/xmlui/bitstream/handle/INS/1034/tablas-peruanas-QR.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y
Sanín, A., Navia, D. P., & Serna-Jiménez, J. A. (2020). Functional Foods from Crops on the Northern Region of the South American Andes: The Importance of Blackberry, Yacon, Açai, Yellow Pitahaya and the Application of Its Biocompounds. International Journal of Fruit Science, 20(3),1784-1804. https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2020.1834894
Sato, S. T. A., Ribeiro, S. D. C. A., Sato, M. K., & Souza, J. N. S. (2014). Caracterização física e físico-química de pitayas vermelhas (Hylocereus costaricensis) produzidas em três municípios paraenses.
Torres Grisales, Y., Melo Sabogal, D. V., Torres-Valenzuela, L., Serna-Jiménez, J., & Sanín Villarreal, A. (2017). Evaluation of bioactive compounds with functional interest from yellow pitahaya (Selenicereus megalanthus Haw). Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín, 70(3), 8311-8318. https://doi.org/10.15446/rfna.v70n3.66330
Verona-Ruiz, A., Urcia-Cerna, J., & Paucar-Menacho, L. M. (2020). Pitahaya (Hylocereus spp.): Cultivo, características fisicoquímicas, composición nutricional y compuestos bioactivos. Scientia Agropecuaria, 11(3), 439-453. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2020.03.16
Wall, M. M., & Khan, S. A. (2008). Postharvest quality of dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) after X-ray irradiation quarantine treatment. HortScience, 43(7), 2115-2119. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.43.7.2115
Published
2022-01-21
How to Cite
Obregón-La Rosa, A. J., Contreras-López, E., Elías-Peñafiel, C., Muñoz-Jauregui, A. M., Yuli-Posadas, R. Ángel, & Cóndor-Salvatierra, E. J. (2022). Nutritional and physicochemical profile of the pitahaya cultivated in the central coast of Peru. Revista De La Facultad De Agronomía De La Universidad Del Zulia, 39(1), e223911. Retrieved from https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/agronomia/article/view/37580
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Food Technology
Copyright (c) 2022 Antonio José Obregón-La Rosa,Eliana Contreras-López, Carlos Elías-Peñafiel, Ana María Muñoz-Jauregui, Ricardo Ángel Yuli-Posadas y Edwin Julio Cóndor-Salvatierra
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