The normalization of violence. The daily training in the pedagogy of cruelty

• Denise NAJMANOVICH Universidad de Buenos Aires

Keywords: Aggression, Violence, Patriarchy, Domination, Hierarchy

Abstract

The article proposes a radical distinction in understanding human aggression and violence. It will seek to comprehend aggression as an inextricable and also valuable part of life. At the same time, it must be shown that human violence has nothing to do with a vital necessity but is a policy based on the assumption and imposition of a hierarchical conception of existence, from which domination and delegitimization relationships are built, devaluing the "subalterns". This perspective will be imposed by force to later be rationalized, normalized, and legitimized to the extent that in many situations violence ceases to be consciously perceived as such. Those who hold power arrogate to themselves the right to define what is to be considered violent and what will not be, imposing on the victims a double submission through the pedagogy of cruelty.    

References

BATESON, P. (2002). “The corpse of a wearisome debate”. Science. 2002

BLUMBERG, M. “Development evolving: The origins and meanings of instinct”. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci. 2017 January ; 8(1-2): . doi:10.1002/wcs.1371.

BRECHT, B. (1956) Galileo Galilei, Ed. Losange, Buenos Aires,

DE WAAL, F. (2016). ¿Tenemos suficiente inteligencia para entender la inteligencia de los animales?. Tusquets editores. Barcelona.

DESPRET, V. (2018). ¿Qué dirían los animales si les hiciéramos las preguntas correctas? Cactus. Buenos Aires

FOUCAULT, M. (2007) Nacimiento de la biopolítica: Curso en el College de France: 1978~1979.: Fondo de Cultura Económica, - Buenos Aires.

FOX KELLER, E. (1995) Refiguring life. Metaphors of twentieth-century Biology, Columbia Univ. Press, New York.

JUUL, J. (2015). Agresión:¿ Un nuevo y peligroso tabú?. Herder Editorial. Barcelona

KROPOTKIN, P. (1989). El apoyo mutuo. Madre Tierra, Móstoles-Madrid.

MACHADO, A. (1981) Juan de Mairena. Sentencias, donaires, apuntes y recuerdos de un profesor apócrifo.Madrid, Alianza Editorial.

MARGULIS, L. Y SAGAN, D. (1995) “Microcosmos”, Tusquets, Barcelona,

MATURANA, H. (1990) Biología de la cognición y epistemología. Ediciones Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco.

MORIN, E. (1977) "El Método. Vol 1 La naturaleza de la naturaleza", Ediciones Cátedra, Madrid.

NAJMANOVICH, D. “De gallos y machos: los mitos de la razón”. El diario.es 30 de marzo de 2022. Recuperado de: https://www.eldiario.es/caballodenietzsche/machismo-peleas-de-gallos-violencia-maltrato-animal-guerra_132_8870889.html

SEGATO, R. (2018) Contra-pedagogía de la crueldad, Prometeo, Buenos Aires.

SPINOZA, B. (1980) “Ética demostrada según el orden geométrico” Editora Nacional, Madrid.