Actitud hacia las matemáticas: Una revisión documental
Resumen
La actitud de los estudiantes hacia las matemáticas es un factor determinante en su desempeño académico y su disposición al aprendizaje, constituyéndose en un eje de estudio fundamental en la didáctica de las matemáticas. Este artículo realiza una revisión sistemática de la literatura en bases de datos especializadas, con el propósito de identificar las principales categorías que configuran la actitud hacia las matemáticas y los elementos que inciden en su desarrollo. Se evidencia que las actitudes desfavorables se asocian con ansiedad, bajo rendimiento y desinterés, lo que impacta negativamente el proceso de aprendizaje. Para su medición, se identifican predominantemente escalas tipo Likert, complementadas con herramientas alternativas que permiten una mejor caracterización de la actitud matemática. Como resultado del análisis, se construye un modelo basado en teoría de grafos que permite representar la interacción entre los factores que influyen en la actitud matemática. Se concluye que la actitud desempeña un papel central en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las matemáticas, lo que resalta la necesidad de diseñar e implementar ambientes educativos que favorezcan el desarrollo de actitudes positivas. La generación de entornos adecuados y estrategias innovadoras se presenta como una vía para mitigar los efectos negativos de la ansiedad y el rechazo a la matemática, promoviendo así una relación más favorable entre los estudiantes y esta ciencia.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Juan David Firigua Bejarano, Mirta Yuley Porras Lugo, David Steven Herrera León , Mónica Yulieth Firigua Bejarano

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