Management Skills and Their Effectiveness in Knowledge Transfer in Organizations
Keywords:
Skills, Knowledge transfer, Organization, Managerial characteristics,
Abstract
Management skills are essential for effective organizational management, as well as for the transfer of new and better knowledge, which enhance productivity and minimize errors in processes. Knowledge transfer is key to innovation, continuous improvement and competitiveness, while management skills, such as communication, decision making, leadership, conflict resolution and emotional intelligence, facilitate or limit this process. The objective of this research is to explain the relationship between management skills and the effectiveness of knowledge transfer in organizations. It is a qualitative study, using as a research methodology the bibliographic review of various scientific sources specialized in the subject. For this purpose, communication, leadership, self-efficacy, motivation and knowledge management skills were analyzed, seeking to show which of them allows the transfer of knowledge in organizations effectively. According to the results obtained in the research, the skills with the greatest effectiveness in the transfer of knowledge were: Transformational leadership, effective communication and knowledge management, since the authors consulted agree on the importance of these three skills for the correct functioning of the organization.
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References
Argote, L. (2023). Knowledge Transfer Within Organizations: Mechanisms, Motivation, and Consideration. Annual Review of Psychology, 75, 405-431. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-022123-105424
Argote, L., & Ingram, P. (2000). Knowledge Transfer: A Basis for Competitive Advantage in Firms. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 82(1), 150-169. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.2000.2893.
Argote, L., Guo, J., Park, S. S., & Hahl, O. (2022) The Mechanisms and Components of Knowledge Transfer: The Virtual Special Issue on Knowledge Transfer Within Organizations. Organization Science 33(3), 1232-1249. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1590
Avolio B. J. (1998). Transformational leadership and organizational culture. International Journal of Public Administration, 17(3-4), 541–554. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900699408524907
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
Bandura, A. (2000). Exercise of Human Agency Through Collective Efficacy. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9(3), 75-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00064
Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 1-26. https://ssrlsig.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/bandura-2001-social-cognitive-theory-an-agentic-perspective.pdf
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1990). Transformational leadership development: Manual for the multifactor leadership questionnaire. Consulting Psychologists Press.
Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership. Psychology Press.
Bass, B. M. (1998). Transformational Leadership: Industrial, Military, and Educational Impact. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Blessing, L. (2013). 21 - The transparent organization: keeping staff in the loop. Workplace Culture in Academic Libraries, 323-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-84334-702-6.50021-6.
Cabrera, E. F., & Cabrera, A. (2005). Fostering knowledge sharing through people management practices. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(5), 720–735. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190500083020
Calderón, J. L., Laca, F., & Pando, M. (2017). La autoeficacia como mediador entre el estrés laboral y el bienestar. Psicología y Salud, 27(1), 71-78. https://psicologiaysalud.uv.mx/index.php/psicysalud/article/view/2438/4291
Chiavenato, I. (2014). Comportamiento Organizacional. La dinámica del éxito en las organizaciones. (2da. Ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Chou H. W., Lin Y. H., Chang H. H., Chuang W. W. (2013). Transformational leadership and Team Performance. Sage Open, 3(3), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244013497027
Chua, K., Thinakaran, R., & Vasudevan, A. (2023). Knowledge Sharing Barriers in Organizations - A Review. TEM Journal, 12(1), 184-191. https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM121-24
Daft, R. L., & Lengel, R. H. (1986). Organizational Information Requirements, Media Richness and Structural Design. Management Science, 32(5), 554-571. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.32.5.554
Dahlin, KB, Chuang, Y.-T., & Roulet, TJ (2018). Oportunidad, motivación y capacidad de aprender de los fracasos y los errores: revisión, síntesis y formas de avanzar. The Academy of Management Annals, 12 (1), 252–277. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2016.0049
Davenport, T. H., & Prusak, L. (1998). Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
García, D. N. (2024). Análisis crítico de las competencias de liderazgo pedagógico de directivos en las instituciones educativas públicas. Revista de la universidad del zulia, 15(44), 142–150. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13663688
García, L. F., Fulquez, S. C., & Vázquez, J. (2020). Satisfacción laboral en docentes del sistema público en México: factores estresores que afectan la salud laboral. Revista Venezolana De Gerencia, 25(4), 235-246. https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/rvg/article/view/35190
Gil, L., Martínez, G., & Rodríguez, C. A. (2022). Estilos de comunicación: Una revisión teórica hacia las habilidades directivas en las organizaciones. Revista Científica De La UCSA, 9(3), 85–96. https://doi.org/10.18004/ucsa/2409-8752/2022.009.03.85
Girdauskienė, L., & Savanevičienė, A. (2012). Leadership role implementing knowledge transfer in creative organization: how does it work?. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 41, 15-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.04.002.
Haunschild, P., Polidoro, F., & Chandler, D. (2015). Organizational Oscillation Between Learning and Forgetting: The Dual Role of Serious Errors. Organization sciencie, 26(6), 1553-1804. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2015.1010
Hernández-Sampieri, R. & Mendoza, C. (2018). Metodología de la investigación. Las rutas cuantitativa, cualitativa y mixta. Editorial Mc Graw Hill Education.
Jafari, M., Akhavan, P., & Rafiei, A. (2014). Technology transfer effectiveness in knowledge based centers: providing a model based on knowledge management. International Journal of Scientific Knowledge, 4(7), 24-39. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2424197
Jerab, D. (2024). The Impact of Communication on Organizational Performance: A Comprehensive Analysis. 1-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4809789
Judge T. A., Piccolo R. F. (2004). Transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic test of their relative validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5), 755–768. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.5.755
Marques, J. F. (2010). Mejorar la calidad de la comunicación organizacional: una presentación de criterios basados en la reflexión. Journal of Communication Management, 14(1), 47-58. https://doi.org/10.1108/13632541011017807
Martínez Nole, I. V., Luján-Vera, P. E., Trelles Pozo, L. R., García Vilela, L. M., & Cango Córdova, J. I. (2022). Satisfacción laboral en colaboradores de entidades públicas y financieras del Perú. Revista De La Universidad Del Zulia, 13(36), 388-399. https://doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.36.25
Mohamed, C. (2021). The Role of Transformational Leadership in Intra-Organizational Knowledge Transfer Process: Empirical Study in Telecommunication Companies in Algeria. International Journal of Business and Technology Management, 3(2), 53-68. https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/ijbtm/article/view/14020
Montoya, Ma. Del C. (2018). Comunicación organizacional: revisión de su concepto y prácticas de algunos autores mexicanos. RAZÓN Y PALABRA Primera Revista Electrónica en Iberoamérica Especializada en Comunicación, 1(100), 778- 795. https://www.revistarazonypalabra.org/index.php/ryp/article/view/1134/pdf
Nonaka I. & Takeuchi H. (1995). The knowledge-creating company: how Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation. Oxford University Press, Inc.
Nonaka, I., & Toyama, R. (2005). The theory of the knowledge-creating firm: subjectivity, objectivity and synthesis. Industrial and Corporate Change, 14(3), 419-436. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dth058
Northouse, P. G. (2018). Leadership: theory and practice. (8th Ed.). SAGE Publications.
Pizarro, J., Fredes, D., Inostroza, C., & Torreblanca, E. (2019). Motivación, satisfacción laboral y estado de flow en los trabajadores de la salud. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 24(87), 843-859. https://doi.org/10.37960/revista.v24i87.24640
Pološki, N., Tkalac, A., & Sinčić, D. (2023). Strategic internal communication for effective internal employer branding. Baltic Journal of Management, 18(1), 19-33. https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-02-2022-0070
Posso, R.J. (2023). Diseño metodológico de sistematización de preguntas abiertas: un esfuerzo para mejorar la investigación cualitativa. MENTOR Revista De Investigación Educativa Y Deportiva, 2(6),919-925. https://doi.org/10.56200/mried.v2i6.6780
Ramírez- Rojas, J. I. (2018). Las habilidades directivas una condición para una ejecución eficaz. Revista investigación y negocios, 11(17), 23-29. https://revistas.usfx.bo/investigacionynegocios/index.php/revista/article/view/31
Riascos-Erazo, S. C., García-Domínguez, A. J., & Aguilera-Castro, A. (2021). Gestión del conocimiento en el sector industrial. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 26(5), 632–649. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.26.e5.40
Ruck, K., Welch, M. (2012). Valuing internal communication; management and employee perspectives. Public Relations Review, 38(2), 294-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2011.12.016.
Sánchez, M. & Urdaneta, M. (2016). Habilidades de comunicación y el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en estudiantes del Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Readic. Revista Quorum Académico, 13(2), 273-289. https://biblat.unam.mx/hevila/Quorumacademico/2016/vol13/no2/2.pdf
Sarka, H. (2014). Tools of Internal Communication from Knowledge Transfer Perspective. Journal of Competitiveness, 6(4), 50-62. https://www.cjournal.cz/files/180.pdf
Segredo, A., García, A., López, P., León, P. y Perdomo, I. (2017). Comunicación organizacional como dimensión necesaria para medir el clima en las organizaciones en salud pública. Horizonte sanitario, 16(1), 28-37. https://doi.org/10.19136/hs.v16i1.1256.
Sonmez, F., & Adiguzel, Z. (2020). Analysis of Leader Effectiveness in Organization and Knowledge Sharing Behavior on Employees and Organization. Sage Open, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020914634
Sudha K. S., Shahnawaz M. G., Farhat A. (2016). Leadership styles, leader’s effectiveness and well-being: Exploring collective efficacy as a mediator. Vision The Journal of Business Perspective, 20(2), 111–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972262916637260
Susanty, A., Handayani, N. U., Henrawan, M.Y. (2012). Key Success Factors that Influence Knowledge Transfer Effectiveness: A Case Study of Garment Sentra at Kabupaten Sragen. Procedia Economics and Finance, 4, 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(12)00317-6
Thanh, N. H., & Quang, N. V. (2022). Transformational, Transactional, Laissez-faire Leadership Styles and Employee Engagement: Evidence From Vietnam’s Public Sector. Sage Open, 12(2).1-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221094606
Tripiana, J., & Llorens, S. (2015). Fomentando empleados engaged: el rol del líder y de la autoeficacia. anales de psicología, 31(2), 636-644. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.31.2.179561
Vargas, A. E., y León, L. (2016). La gestión del conocimiento respecto a la organización que aprende, enfocado por teorías y tendencias a nivel nacional e internacional. Ciencia y Poder Aéreo, 11(1), 106-121. https://doi.org/10.18667/cienciaypoderaereo.528
Villasana, L. M., Hernández, P., y Ramírez, É. (2021). La gestión del conocimiento, pasado, presente y futuro. Una revisión de la literatura. Trascender, contabilidad y gestión, 6(8), 53-78. https://doi.org/10.36791/tcg.v0i18.12
Yukl, G. (2012). Leadership in organizations. (8th Ed.). Pearson Education.
Yukl, G. (2013). Leadership in organizations (9th Ed.). Pearson Education.
Zamfir, F. E. (2020). The impact of knowledge transfer on the Organizational performance. Sciendo, 14(1), 577-588. https://intapi.sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/picbe-2020-0054
Argote, L., & Ingram, P. (2000). Knowledge Transfer: A Basis for Competitive Advantage in Firms. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 82(1), 150-169. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.2000.2893.
Argote, L., Guo, J., Park, S. S., & Hahl, O. (2022) The Mechanisms and Components of Knowledge Transfer: The Virtual Special Issue on Knowledge Transfer Within Organizations. Organization Science 33(3), 1232-1249. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1590
Avolio B. J. (1998). Transformational leadership and organizational culture. International Journal of Public Administration, 17(3-4), 541–554. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900699408524907
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
Bandura, A. (2000). Exercise of Human Agency Through Collective Efficacy. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9(3), 75-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00064
Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 1-26. https://ssrlsig.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/bandura-2001-social-cognitive-theory-an-agentic-perspective.pdf
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1990). Transformational leadership development: Manual for the multifactor leadership questionnaire. Consulting Psychologists Press.
Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership. Psychology Press.
Bass, B. M. (1998). Transformational Leadership: Industrial, Military, and Educational Impact. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Blessing, L. (2013). 21 - The transparent organization: keeping staff in the loop. Workplace Culture in Academic Libraries, 323-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-84334-702-6.50021-6.
Cabrera, E. F., & Cabrera, A. (2005). Fostering knowledge sharing through people management practices. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(5), 720–735. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190500083020
Calderón, J. L., Laca, F., & Pando, M. (2017). La autoeficacia como mediador entre el estrés laboral y el bienestar. Psicología y Salud, 27(1), 71-78. https://psicologiaysalud.uv.mx/index.php/psicysalud/article/view/2438/4291
Chiavenato, I. (2014). Comportamiento Organizacional. La dinámica del éxito en las organizaciones. (2da. Ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Chou H. W., Lin Y. H., Chang H. H., Chuang W. W. (2013). Transformational leadership and Team Performance. Sage Open, 3(3), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244013497027
Chua, K., Thinakaran, R., & Vasudevan, A. (2023). Knowledge Sharing Barriers in Organizations - A Review. TEM Journal, 12(1), 184-191. https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM121-24
Daft, R. L., & Lengel, R. H. (1986). Organizational Information Requirements, Media Richness and Structural Design. Management Science, 32(5), 554-571. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.32.5.554
Dahlin, KB, Chuang, Y.-T., & Roulet, TJ (2018). Oportunidad, motivación y capacidad de aprender de los fracasos y los errores: revisión, síntesis y formas de avanzar. The Academy of Management Annals, 12 (1), 252–277. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2016.0049
Davenport, T. H., & Prusak, L. (1998). Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
García, D. N. (2024). Análisis crítico de las competencias de liderazgo pedagógico de directivos en las instituciones educativas públicas. Revista de la universidad del zulia, 15(44), 142–150. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13663688
García, L. F., Fulquez, S. C., & Vázquez, J. (2020). Satisfacción laboral en docentes del sistema público en México: factores estresores que afectan la salud laboral. Revista Venezolana De Gerencia, 25(4), 235-246. https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/rvg/article/view/35190
Gil, L., Martínez, G., & Rodríguez, C. A. (2022). Estilos de comunicación: Una revisión teórica hacia las habilidades directivas en las organizaciones. Revista Científica De La UCSA, 9(3), 85–96. https://doi.org/10.18004/ucsa/2409-8752/2022.009.03.85
Girdauskienė, L., & Savanevičienė, A. (2012). Leadership role implementing knowledge transfer in creative organization: how does it work?. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 41, 15-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.04.002.
Haunschild, P., Polidoro, F., & Chandler, D. (2015). Organizational Oscillation Between Learning and Forgetting: The Dual Role of Serious Errors. Organization sciencie, 26(6), 1553-1804. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2015.1010
Hernández-Sampieri, R. & Mendoza, C. (2018). Metodología de la investigación. Las rutas cuantitativa, cualitativa y mixta. Editorial Mc Graw Hill Education.
Jafari, M., Akhavan, P., & Rafiei, A. (2014). Technology transfer effectiveness in knowledge based centers: providing a model based on knowledge management. International Journal of Scientific Knowledge, 4(7), 24-39. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2424197
Jerab, D. (2024). The Impact of Communication on Organizational Performance: A Comprehensive Analysis. 1-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4809789
Judge T. A., Piccolo R. F. (2004). Transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic test of their relative validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5), 755–768. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.5.755
Marques, J. F. (2010). Mejorar la calidad de la comunicación organizacional: una presentación de criterios basados en la reflexión. Journal of Communication Management, 14(1), 47-58. https://doi.org/10.1108/13632541011017807
Martínez Nole, I. V., Luján-Vera, P. E., Trelles Pozo, L. R., García Vilela, L. M., & Cango Córdova, J. I. (2022). Satisfacción laboral en colaboradores de entidades públicas y financieras del Perú. Revista De La Universidad Del Zulia, 13(36), 388-399. https://doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.36.25
Mohamed, C. (2021). The Role of Transformational Leadership in Intra-Organizational Knowledge Transfer Process: Empirical Study in Telecommunication Companies in Algeria. International Journal of Business and Technology Management, 3(2), 53-68. https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/ijbtm/article/view/14020
Montoya, Ma. Del C. (2018). Comunicación organizacional: revisión de su concepto y prácticas de algunos autores mexicanos. RAZÓN Y PALABRA Primera Revista Electrónica en Iberoamérica Especializada en Comunicación, 1(100), 778- 795. https://www.revistarazonypalabra.org/index.php/ryp/article/view/1134/pdf
Nonaka I. & Takeuchi H. (1995). The knowledge-creating company: how Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation. Oxford University Press, Inc.
Nonaka, I., & Toyama, R. (2005). The theory of the knowledge-creating firm: subjectivity, objectivity and synthesis. Industrial and Corporate Change, 14(3), 419-436. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dth058
Northouse, P. G. (2018). Leadership: theory and practice. (8th Ed.). SAGE Publications.
Pizarro, J., Fredes, D., Inostroza, C., & Torreblanca, E. (2019). Motivación, satisfacción laboral y estado de flow en los trabajadores de la salud. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 24(87), 843-859. https://doi.org/10.37960/revista.v24i87.24640
Pološki, N., Tkalac, A., & Sinčić, D. (2023). Strategic internal communication for effective internal employer branding. Baltic Journal of Management, 18(1), 19-33. https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-02-2022-0070
Posso, R.J. (2023). Diseño metodológico de sistematización de preguntas abiertas: un esfuerzo para mejorar la investigación cualitativa. MENTOR Revista De Investigación Educativa Y Deportiva, 2(6),919-925. https://doi.org/10.56200/mried.v2i6.6780
Ramírez- Rojas, J. I. (2018). Las habilidades directivas una condición para una ejecución eficaz. Revista investigación y negocios, 11(17), 23-29. https://revistas.usfx.bo/investigacionynegocios/index.php/revista/article/view/31
Riascos-Erazo, S. C., García-Domínguez, A. J., & Aguilera-Castro, A. (2021). Gestión del conocimiento en el sector industrial. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 26(5), 632–649. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.26.e5.40
Ruck, K., Welch, M. (2012). Valuing internal communication; management and employee perspectives. Public Relations Review, 38(2), 294-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2011.12.016.
Sánchez, M. & Urdaneta, M. (2016). Habilidades de comunicación y el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en estudiantes del Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Readic. Revista Quorum Académico, 13(2), 273-289. https://biblat.unam.mx/hevila/Quorumacademico/2016/vol13/no2/2.pdf
Sarka, H. (2014). Tools of Internal Communication from Knowledge Transfer Perspective. Journal of Competitiveness, 6(4), 50-62. https://www.cjournal.cz/files/180.pdf
Segredo, A., García, A., López, P., León, P. y Perdomo, I. (2017). Comunicación organizacional como dimensión necesaria para medir el clima en las organizaciones en salud pública. Horizonte sanitario, 16(1), 28-37. https://doi.org/10.19136/hs.v16i1.1256.
Sonmez, F., & Adiguzel, Z. (2020). Analysis of Leader Effectiveness in Organization and Knowledge Sharing Behavior on Employees and Organization. Sage Open, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020914634
Sudha K. S., Shahnawaz M. G., Farhat A. (2016). Leadership styles, leader’s effectiveness and well-being: Exploring collective efficacy as a mediator. Vision The Journal of Business Perspective, 20(2), 111–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972262916637260
Susanty, A., Handayani, N. U., Henrawan, M.Y. (2012). Key Success Factors that Influence Knowledge Transfer Effectiveness: A Case Study of Garment Sentra at Kabupaten Sragen. Procedia Economics and Finance, 4, 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(12)00317-6
Thanh, N. H., & Quang, N. V. (2022). Transformational, Transactional, Laissez-faire Leadership Styles and Employee Engagement: Evidence From Vietnam’s Public Sector. Sage Open, 12(2).1-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221094606
Tripiana, J., & Llorens, S. (2015). Fomentando empleados engaged: el rol del líder y de la autoeficacia. anales de psicología, 31(2), 636-644. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.31.2.179561
Vargas, A. E., y León, L. (2016). La gestión del conocimiento respecto a la organización que aprende, enfocado por teorías y tendencias a nivel nacional e internacional. Ciencia y Poder Aéreo, 11(1), 106-121. https://doi.org/10.18667/cienciaypoderaereo.528
Villasana, L. M., Hernández, P., y Ramírez, É. (2021). La gestión del conocimiento, pasado, presente y futuro. Una revisión de la literatura. Trascender, contabilidad y gestión, 6(8), 53-78. https://doi.org/10.36791/tcg.v0i18.12
Yukl, G. (2012). Leadership in organizations. (8th Ed.). Pearson Education.
Yukl, G. (2013). Leadership in organizations (9th Ed.). Pearson Education.
Zamfir, F. E. (2020). The impact of knowledge transfer on the Organizational performance. Sciendo, 14(1), 577-588. https://intapi.sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/picbe-2020-0054
Published
2025-01-06
How to Cite
Gil Díaz, L., Magaña Medina, D. E., & Mapén Franco, F. de J. (2025). Management Skills and Their Effectiveness in Knowledge Transfer in Organizations. Journal of the University of Zulia , 16(45), 147-163. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14602693
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Copyright (c) 2025 Liliana Gil Díaz, Deneb Elí Magaña Medina, Fabiola de Jesús Mapén Franco
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