Analysis of the structure and severity of comorbid pathology in patients with arterial hypertension

• Angela Yurievna Dolova Faculty of Medicine Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov Nalchik, Russia. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6890-6544
• Inga Arsenovna Kodzokova Faculty of Medicine Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov Nalchik, Russia. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8158-6098
• Aksana Muhamedovna Kardangusheva Department of Public Health, Health Care and Preventive Medicine Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov Nalchik, Russia. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2960-7928
• Irina Khasanbievna Borukaeva Department of Normal and Pathological Human Physiology Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov Nalchik, Russia http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1180-228X
• Fatima Batalovna Gamaeva Department of Normal and Pathological Human Anatomy Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov Nalchik, Russia. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6158-6258
• Elizaveta Alikovna Sharibova Department of Public Health, Health Care and Preventive Medicine Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov Nalchik, Russia. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6211-4431
• Asiyat Nikolaevna Malukhova Department of Public Health, Health Care and Preventive Medicine Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov Nalchik, Russia. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2409-0974

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.33.20

Keywords: arterial hypertension; comorbidity; cardiovascular diseases; Charlson index; risk factors

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to study the structure and severity of comorbid pathology in hospitalized patients with arterial hypertension. Material and methods. The study included 140 adult patients (29% men and 71% women) with arterial hypertension and comorbidity receiving therapy in the cardiology department. The average age of the patients was 64.3 ± 12.0 years. The Charlson index was used to assess comorbidity. Results. The average Charlson index in our study was 3.97 ± 2.0 points. Moderate and severe comorbidity was observed in 77.6% of patients with arterial hypertension. When analyzing the frequency of concomitant pathology, one disease was detected in 7% of the examined, two in 28%, three in 14%, four in 23%, five or more in 28%. The structure of concomitant pathology is represented mainly by chronic cerebral ischemia (26.3%), rhythm and conduction disturbances (20%), diseases of the bronchopulmonary (14.8%) and digestive (12.7%) systems. Analysis of risk factors for comorbidity revealed heredity aggravated by cardiovascular diseases in 33.3% of patients with arterial hypertension, smoking in 7.3%, overweight in 27%, obesity in 62%, and abdominal obesity in 87%. Obesity was not diagnosed in all men and 85.4% of women, which indicates that this risk factor for comorbidity was not taken into account. Conclusion. The introduction into the practice of managing patients with arterial hypertension and comorbidity of scoring the presence of concomitant diseases by calculating the Charlson comorbidity index will increase the accuracy of assessing the prediction of their ten-year survival. Identifying and correcting the main risk factors for comorbidity and concomitant pathology in patients with arterial hypertension can reduce disability and mortality.

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