Líquidos iónicos en catálisis: avances en dimerización, oligomerización y/o polimerización de olefinas
Abstract
En este trabajo se presenta una recopilación detallada de los métodos de síntesis de los líquidos iónicos y del empleo de estas sustancias como medio de reacción en la dimerización, oligomerización y/o polimerización de olefinas catalizadas, principalmente, por complejos de níquel y hierro. Además, se incluyen recientes avances utilizando catalizadores derivados de complejos de Fe(II), Co(II) y Cr(III), basados en ligandos tipo bis(imino)piridina. Los líquidos iónicos empleados como medios de reacción, en combinación con catalizadores metálicos, han resultado en sistemas catalíticos con altas actividades y selectividades, ofreciendo una promisoria oportunidad para aplicaciones industriales con mínimos impactos sobre el medio ambiente. Finalmente se presenta una perspectiva crítica sobre el uso de líquidos iónicos como medios alternativos de reacción.
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