Percepción multidimensional de los riesgos psicosociales en profesionales de la salud

• Clemencia Magdalena Aguirre Pluas https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3424-6570
• Mario Alfredo Fernández Ronquillo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7705-809X
• Carmen Graciela Zambrano Villalba http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4189-3509

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v32i2.45584

Abstract

La evidencia acumulada sobre riesgos psicosociales en el ámbito sanitario ha destacado la importancia de analizarlos desde enfoques capaces de capturar su complejidad. En este marco, el estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la percepción de riesgos psicosociales en profesionales de la salud de la provincia del Guayas-Ecuador mediante un enfoque multivariante. Se desarrolló un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, basado en un diseño no experimental y en la aplicación del Cuestionario de Evaluación de Riesgos Psicosociales a una muestra de 324 profesionales seleccionados por criterio y bola de nieve. El análisis incluyó técnicas multivariantes y representaciones HJ-Biplot que permitieron visualizar la estructura factorial de las dimensiones evaluadas. Los resultados mostraron configuraciones diferenciadas según el puesto. En los médicos generales prevalecieron factores organizativos y de control; mientras que en los especialistas convergieron exigencias estructurales y cognitivas. En los licenciados de enfermería se evidenció la influencia del soporte institucional y carga asistencial, y en los auxiliares destacó la dependencia de estructuras de apoyo y limitaciones en el desarrollo de competencias. En conclusión, el estudio confirmó la heterogeneidad de los riesgos psicosociales en función del rol desempeñado y subrayó la necesidad de intervenciones adaptadas que contribuyan al bienestar laboral en el sector salud.

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