Percepción multidimensional de los riesgos psicosociales en profesionales de la salud
Palabras clave:
Riesgos laborales, condiciones de trabajo, personal sanitario, salud ocupacional, análisis multivariante
Resumen
La evidencia acumulada sobre riesgos psicosociales en el ámbito sanitario ha destacado la importancia de analizarlos desde enfoques capaces de capturar su complejidad. En este marco, el estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la percepción de riesgos psicosociales en profesionales de la salud de la provincia del Guayas-Ecuador mediante un enfoque multivariante. Se desarrolló un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, basado en un diseño no experimental y en la aplicación del Cuestionario de Evaluación de Riesgos Psicosociales a una muestra de 324 profesionales seleccionados por criterio y bola de nieve. El análisis incluyó técnicas multivariantes y representaciones HJ-Biplot que permitieron visualizar la estructura factorial de las dimensiones evaluadas. Los resultados mostraron configuraciones diferenciadas según el puesto. En los médicos generales prevalecieron factores organizativos y de control; mientras que en los especialistas convergieron exigencias estructurales y cognitivas. En los licenciados de enfermería se evidenció la influencia del soporte institucional y carga asistencial, y en los auxiliares destacó la dependencia de estructuras de apoyo y limitaciones en el desarrollo de competencias. En conclusión, el estudio confirmó la heterogeneidad de los riesgos psicosociales en función del rol desempeñado y subrayó la necesidad de intervenciones adaptadas que contribuyan al bienestar laboral en el sector salud.
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Fteropoulli, T., Kalavana, T. V., Yiallourou, A., Karaiskakis, M., Koliou, M., Vryonides, S., Hadjioannou, A., y Nikolopoulos, G. K. (2025). Beyond the physical risk: Psychosocial impact and coping in healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 34(12), 5234-5248. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15938
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Jung, F. U., Pabst, A., Löbner, M., Luppa, M., y Riedel-Heller, S. G. (2024). Behind the times? Associations of working-time autonomy with health-related and occupational outcomes in health care personnel– a latent profile analysis. BMC Public Health, 24, 825. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18289-0
Karaferis, D., Aletras, V., y Niakas, D. (2022). Determining dimensions of job satisfaction in healthcare using factor analysis. BMC Psychology, 10, 240. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00941-2
Magro, A., Gutiérrez-García, A., González-Álvarez, M., y Del Líbano, M. (2022). Psychosocial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Professionals in Spain. Sustainability, 14(22), 15171. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142215171
Malinzak, E. B. (2018). Healthcare Professionalism: Improving practice through reflections on workplace dilemmas. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 126(1), 362. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000002623
Melo, V. S. D., Silva, I. A., Silva, A. F., Gouveia, A., y Rodrigues, C. A. (2024). Psychosocial risks in the practice of healthcare professionals: from the culture of stoicism to occupational suicide. European Psychiatry, 67(S-1), S205-S206. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.443
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Montes, K., Vicente-Villardon, J. L., De la Hoz-M, J., Useche-Castro, L. M., Alarcón, D. F., y Siteneski, A. (2021). Frequency of Neuroendocrine Tumor Studies: Using latent dirichlet allocation and HJ-Biplot Statistical Methods. Mathematics, 9(18), 2281. https://doi.org/10.3390/math9182281
Moreno, L. T., Vaca, S. M., Martínez, D. I., Suasnavas, P. R., Cárdenas, I. M., y Gómez, A. R. (2018). Diseño y validación de un cuestionario para el diagnóstico de riesgos psicosociales en empresas ecuatorianas. Ciencia & Trabajo, 20(63), 160-168. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-24492018000300160
Novillo-Montoya, C. E., Vélez-Mendoza, L.-P., Cervantes-Martínez, L., y Valdés-Cabodevilla, R. C. (2025). Influencia del ambiente laboral en la salud mental de los docentes universitarios: Un estudio multidimensional. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXXI(E-12), 487-502. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v31i.44579
Olsen, E., y Mikkelsen, A. (2020). Development and investigation of a new model explaining job performance and uncertainty among nurses and physicians. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(1), 164. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010164
Parra, M. A., Lay, N., Escalona-Oliveros, J. F., y Rodríguez, M. A. (2022). Impacto psicosocial del Covid-19 en jóvenes del municipio de Malambo-Atlántico, Colombia. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVIII(2), 202–212. https://doi.org/10.31876/RCS.V28I2.37933
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Publicado
2026-05-11
Cómo citar
Aguirre Pluas, C. M., Fernández Ronquillo, M. A., & Zambrano Villalba, C. G. (2026). Percepción multidimensional de los riesgos psicosociales en profesionales de la salud. Revista De Ciencias Sociales, 32(2), 413-428. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v32i2.45584
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