Emprendimiento y crecimiento económico: El sistema mexicano de incubadoras de negocios
Resumen
El emprendimiento en las dinámicas económicas se ha estudiado y reconocido desde hace mucho tiempo, por cuanto constituye un elemento fundamental en los procesos de desarrollo económico de las naciones, permitiendo la generación de nuevos productos y servicios, con mayor valor agregado y nuevos equilibrios eficientes en los mercados. En este sentido, el presente trabajo de investigación tiene como propósito analizar el emprendimiento y el crecimiento económico, particularmente a través de las incubadoras de negocios en México. Para ello se desarrolló un estudio empírico aplicado en el contexto de la economía mexicana, empleando una base de datos desagregada hasta el nivel de municipalidad que cubre un período de 10 años. Los resultados dan cuenta que, mediante el emprendimiento, las incubadoras de negocio logran impactar al desarrollo económico mediante diversas estrategias y métodos. Se concluye, que en México existe un estímulo en el modelo de crecimiento económico que trata de identificar los efectos del emprendimiento en las tasas de crecimiento desde la municipalidad.
Descargas
Citas
Acs, J., y Armington, C. (2004). Employment growth and entrepreneurial activity in cities. Regional Studies, 38(8), 911-927. doi: 10.1080/0034340042000280938.
Acs, J., Audretsch, D. B., Braunerhjelm, P., y Carlsson, B. (2012). Growth and entrepreneurship. Small Business Economic, 39(2), 289-300. doi: 10.1007/s11187-010-9307-2.
Aghion, P., y Bolton, P. (1997). A theory of trickle-down growth and development. The Review of Economic Studies, 64(2), 151-172. doi: 10.2307/2971707.
Ahituv, A., y Moav, O. (2003). Fertility clubs and economic growth. In T. S. Eicher, & S. J. Turnovsky, (Eds.), Inequality and growth: Theory and policy implications (pp. 61-87). Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
Alesina, A., y Rodrik, D. (1994). Distributive politics and economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109(2), 465-490. doi: 10.2307/2118470.
Audretsch D. B. y Keilbach M. (2004). Entrepreneurship capital and economic performance. Regional Studies, 38(8), 949-959. doi: 10.1080/0034340042000280956.
Audretsch, D. B., Hülsbeck, M., y Lehmann, E. E. (2012). Regional competitiveness university spillovers, and entrepreneurial activity. Small Business Economics, 39(3), 587-601. doi: 10.1007/s11187-011-9332-9.
Banerjee, A. V., y Duflo, E. (2003). Inequality and growth: What can the data say? Journal of Economic Growth, 8(3), pp. 267-299. doi: 10.1023/A:1026205114860.
Barro, R. J. (1991). Economic growth in a cross section of countries. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(2), 407-443. doi: 10.2307/2937943.
Baumgartner, D., Schulz, T., y Seidl, I. (2013). Quantifying entrepreneurship and its impact on local economic performance: A spatial assessment in rural Switzerland. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 25(3-4), 222-250. doi: 10.1080/08985626.2012.710266.
Baumol, W. J. (1968). Entrepreneurship in economic theory. The American Economic Review, 58(2), 64-71.
Baumol, W. J. (1993). Formal entrepreneurship theory in economics: Existence and bounds. Journal of Business Venturing, 8(3), 197-210.
Becker, G. S., Murphy, K. M., y Tamura, R. (1990). Human capital, fertility and economic growth. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), S12-S37.
Benabou, R. (1997). Inequality and growth. NBER working paper No. 5658. Recuperado de https://www.nber.org/papers/w5658
Berkowitz, D., y DeJong, D. N. (2005). Entrepreneurship and post-socialist growth. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 67(1), 25-46. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0084.2005.00108.x.
Bruton, G. D. (1998). Incubators as a small business support in Russia: Contrast of University-Related US incubators with the zelenograd scientific and technology park. Journal of Small Business Management, 36, 91-94.
Carree, M., Van Stel, A., Thurik, R., y Wennekers, S. (2002). Economic development and business ownership: An analysis using data of 23 OECD Countries in the period 1976–1996. Small Business Economics, 19(3), 271-290. doi: 10.1023/A:1019604426387.
De la Croix, D., y Doepke, M. (2003). Inequality and growth: Why differential fertility matters. The American Economic Review, 93(4), 1091-1113.
Díaz, J. C., Urbano, D., y Hernández, R. (2005). Teoría económica institucional y creación de empresas. Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 11(3), 209-230.
Etzkowitz, H. (2002). Incubation of incubators: Innovation as a triple helix of university-industry-government networks. Science and Public Policy, 29(2), 115-128. doi: 10.3152/147154302781781056.
Etzkowitz, H. (2004). The evolution of the entrepreneurial university. International Journal of Technology and Globalization, 1(1), 64-77. doi: 10.1504/IJTG.2004.004551.
Fölster, S. (2000). Do entrepreneurs create jobs? Small Business Economics, 14(2), 137-148. doi: 10.1023/A:1008141516160.
Fotopolous, G., (2012). Nonlinearities in regional economic growth and convergence: The role of entrepreneurship in the European Union regions. The Annals of Regional Science, 48(3), 1-23. doi: 10.1007/s00168-010-0419-z.
Galindo, M-A., Ribeiro, D., y Méndez, M. T. (2012). Innovación y crecimiento económico: Factores que estimulan la innovación. Cuadernos de Gestión, 12 51-58.
Galindo-Martin, M-A., y Méndez-Picazo, M-T. (2013). Innovation, entrepreneurship and growth. Management Decision, 51(3), 501-514. doi: 10.1108/00251741311309625.
Galloway, L., y Brown, W. (2002). Entrepreneurship education at university: A driver in the creation of high growth firms? Education and Training, 44(8/9), 398-405. doi: 10.1108/00400910210449231.
Galor, O., y Zeira, J. (1993). Income distribution and macroeconomics. Review of Economic Studies, 60(1), 35-52. doi: 10.2307/2297811.
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor - GEM (2002). Executive Report. Recuperado de https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228264618_Global_Entrepreneurship_Monitor_Gem-2002_Executive_Report
Gnyawali, D. R., y Fogel, D. (1994). Environments for entrepreneurship development: Key dimensions and research implications. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18, 43-62.
Goetz, S. J., y Rupasingha, A. (2011). The determinants of rural self-employment: Insights from country-level data. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Washington, DC. Recuperado de https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/conferences/urban-rural-goetz-20111109.pdf
Grossman, G. M., y Helpman, E. (1991). Innovation and growth in the global economy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Guachimbosa, V. H., Lavín, J. M., y Santiago, N. I. (2019). Vocación de crear empresas y actitud, intención y comportamiento emprendedor en estudiantes del Ecuador. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXV(1), 71-81.
Hsu, P-H., Shyu, J. Z., Yu, H-C., Yuo, C-C., y Lo, T-H. (2003). Exploring the interaction between incubators and industrial clusters: The case of the itri incubator in Taiwán. R & D Management, 33(1), 79-90. doi: 10.1111/1467-9310.00283.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía - INEGI (2008). Sistema Nacional de información Estadística y Geográfica. Recuperado de http://www.inegi.gob.mx/inegi/default.aspx
Katz, J. A. (2003). The chronology and intellectual trajectory of American entrepreneurship education 1876–1999. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(2), 283-300. doi: 10.1016/S0883-9026(02)00098-8.
Kremer, M., y Chen, D. L. (2002). Income distribution dynamics with endogenous fertility. Journal of Economic Growth, 7(3), 227-258. Doi: 10.1023/A:1020154031908.
Laukkanen, M. (2000). Exploring alternative approaches In high-level entrepreneurship education: Creating micromechanisms for endogenous regional growth. Journal of Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 12(1), 25-47. doi: 10.1080/089856200283072.
Li, H., Yao, X., Yang, Z., y Zhang H. (2012). Entrepreneurship, private economy and growth: Evidence from China. China Economic Review, 23(4), 948-961. doi: 10.1016/j.chieco.2012.04.015.
Liu, S. S., y Dubinsky, A. J. (2000). Institution entrepreneurship a panacea for universities in transition? European Journal of Marketing, 34(11/12), 1315-1337.
Lounsbury, M. (1998). Collective entrepreneurship: The mobilization of college and university recycling coordinators. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 11(1), pp. 50-69. doi: 10.1108/09534819810369572.
Lucas, R. E. (1988). On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22(1), 3-42. doi: 10.1016/0304-3932(88)90168-7.
Lucas, R. E. (1992). On efficiency and distribution. The Economic Journal, 102(411), 233-247.
Lumpkin, G. T., y Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking It to performance. The Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135-172. doi: 10.2307/258632.
Markman, G. D., Phan, P. H., Balkin, D. B., y Gianodis, P. T. (2005). Entrepreneurship and university-based technology transfer. Journal of Business Venturing, 20(2), 241-263. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2003.12.003.
Ortega-Chacón, I. (2012). Medición de impacto socio-económico y evaluación de políticas públicas de apoyo a emprendedores e impulso a la creación de empresas (Tesis doctoral). Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, España.
Persson, T., y Tabellini, G. (1994). Is inequality harmful for growth? The American Economic Review, 84(3), 600-621.
Porter, M. E. (1990). The competitive advantage of nations. Nueva York: The Free Press.
Proaño, S. A., Quiñonez, E. S., Molina, C. J., y Mejía, O. G. (2019). Desarrollo económico local en Ecuador: Relación entre producto interno bruto y sectores económicos. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXV(E1), 82-98.
Romer, P. M. (1986). Increasing returns and long-run growth. The Journal of Political Economy, 94(5), 1002-1037.
Rodríguez-Pose, A., y Palavicini-Corona, E. I. (2013). Does local economic development really work? Assessing LED across Mexican municipalities. Geoforum, 44, 303-315. doi: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2012.07.010.
Schulte, P. (2004). The entrepreneurial university: A strategy for institutional development. Higher Education in Europe, 29(2), 187-191. doi: 10.1080/0379772042000234811.
Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The theory of economic development: An inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest and the business cycle. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Sistema Nacional de Incubación de Empresas - SNIE (2010). Descripción del Sistema Nacional de Incubación de Empresas. Recuperado de http://www.siem.gob.mx/snie/
Solow, R. M. (1956). A contribution to theory of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65-94.
Stevenson, L. (1996). The implementation of an entrepreneurship development strategy In Canada: The case of the Atlantic Region. Paris: ACOA/OCDE.
The implementation of an entrepreneurship development strategy in
Canada: the case of the Atlantic Region, Paris: OECD.
Stevenson, L. and A. Lundström, 2001, Patterns and trends in e
Storey, D. J. (1994). Understanding the small business sector: Reflections and Confessions. London: Routledge.
Thierstein, A., y Wilhelm, B. (2001). Incubator, technology, and innovation centers in Switzerland: Features and policy implications. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 13(4), 315-331. doi: 10.1080/08985620110074469.
Vogel, A., y Kaghan, W. N. (2001). Bureaucrats, brokers, and the entrepreneurial university. Organization, 8(2), pp. 358–364. doi: 10.1177/1350508401082019.
Wong, P. K., Ho, Y. P., y Autio, E. (2005). Entrepreneurship, innovation and economic growth: Evidence from GEM data. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 335-350.
1.jpg)
1.jpg)
