Obstetric violence: a systematic review of the literature

Keywords: Obstetric violence, systematic review, humanized childbirth, pregnancy.

Abstract

The objective of this review is to give an account of the state of the question about obstetric violence, the way it is defined and conceptualized and the approach that has been established on this issue in the last 10 years.  Regarding the methodology, a systematic review of the literature was made, for which 140 articles were found and systematized. The results indicate that the studies found are exploratory, few explanatories, and no action research or intervention studies were found.  This indicates that this topic is at the preliminary stage of study.

Author Biographies

Beatriz Eugenia Ramos, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Colombia

PhD en Investigación en Psicopatología y Psicoanálisis Université Denis Diderot Paris Cité, Master en Individuo y Sociedad desde el enfoque psicoanalítico Université Paul Valery Montpellier III, Psicóloga de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia.  Docente Investigadora de la Universidad Antonio Nariño de Colombia desde el año 2008.

Ana Graciela Acuña González , Universidad de Guadalajara, México

Universidad de Guadalajara, México. Becaria del Programa Delfín como Joven investigadora, estudiante de VIII semestre de psicología.  

María Fernanda García Verduzco , Universidad de Colima, México

Psicóloga graduada de la Universidad de Colima, México, Becaria del Programa Delfín como Joven investigadora.

Clara Sofía Gómez Pérez, Universidad de Guadalajara, México

Universidad de Guadalajara, México, Becaria del Programa Delfín como Joven investigadora, estudiante de VIII semestre de Psicología.

References

Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional (2013, 9 de marzo). Ley 348. Ley integral para garantizar a las mujeres una vida libre de violencia. Gaceta Oficial del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. https://bit.ly/3Sbm6PB

Asamblea Nacional De La República Bolivariana De Venezuela (2007, 23 de abril). Ley 38.668: Ley Orgánica sobre el Derecho de las Mujeres a una Vida Libre de Violencia. Gaceta oficial de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela. https://bit.ly/3z4fLwy

Baro, S (2020) Humanización de las prácticas de salud. Una Revisión sistemática para la prevención de la violencia en los servicios de salud. (2020). Calidad De Vida Y Salud, 13(ESPECIAL), 18-29. Recuperado a partir de http://revistacdvs.uflo.edu.ar/index.php/CdVUFLO/article/view/274

Brandão, T., Cañadas, S., Galvis, A., De Los Ríos, M. M., Meijer, M., & Falcon, K. (2018). Childbirth experiences related to obstetric violence in public health units in Quito, Ecuador. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 1(1). doi:10.1002/ijgo.12625

Bravo-Moreno, A (2022) Reproductive agency, assisted reproductive technology & obstetric violence, Health Care for Women International, 43:7-8, 806-826, DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2021.1883026

Cabral, Sms., Perez, Dk (2019) Violencia Obstétrica: producción científica de psicólogos sobre el tema. Ecos V 9, n 2.

Cárdenas Castro M., Salinero Rates S. (2022). Violencia obstétrica en Chile: percepción de las mujeres y diferencias entre centros de salud. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 46: e24. https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2022.24

Castillo Villanueva, A (2019). Por tu bien y Néixer: reflexiones audiovisuales sobre la violencia obstétrica, Bulletin of Spanish Studies, 96:7, 1137-1152, DOI: 10.1080/14753820.2019.1651008

Castro, A., & Savage, V. (2018). Obstetric Violence as Reproductive Governance in the Dominican Republic. Medical Anthropology, 38(2), 123–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/01459740.2018.1512984

Castro, M. C., & Rates, S. S. (2021). Validation and factorial invariance test of obstetric violence scale in women from Chile. [Validación de la escala de violencia obstétrica y pruebas de la invarianza factorial en una muestra de mujeres chilenas]. Interdisciplinaria, 38(2), 209-223. doi:10.16888/INTERD.2021.38.2.14

Chadwick, R. (2016). Obstetric Violence in South Africa. The South African Medical Journal, Vol. 106 (5), pp. 423- 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196%2FSAMJ.2016.v106i5.10708

Chadwick, R (2021) The dangers of minimizing obstetric violence. Violence Against Women. Sage Journals. Doi: 10.1177/10778012211037379

Chattopadhyay, S., Mishra, A., & Jacob, S. (2017). ‘Safe’, yet violent? Women’s experiences with obstetric violence during hospital births in rural Northeast India. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 20(7),

–829. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2017.1384572

Cunha Rodrigues, F. A., Gama Lira, S. V., Magalhães, P. H., Freitas, A. L. E. V., Silva Mitros, V. M. D., & Almeida, P. C. (2017). Violence obstetric in the parturition process in maternities linked to the stork network. [Violência obstétrica no processo de parturição em maternidades vinculadas à Rede Cegonha] Reproducao e Climaterio, 32(2), 78-84. doi:10.1016/j.recli.2016.12.001

Cunha, R. F. A., Gama, L. S. V., Hilário, M. P., Vasconcelos, F. A. L., Da Silva, M. V. M., Almeida, P. C. (2017). Violência obstétrica no processo de parturição em maternidades vinculadas à Rede Cegonha. Reprodução & Climatério, 32(2), 78-84.

De Alexandria, S. T., Do Socorro Santos De Oliveira,M., Alves, S. M., Bessa, M. M. M., Albuquerque, G. A., Y Santana, M. D. R. (2019). Obstetric violence under the perspective of nursing professionals of the birth care. Cultura De Los Cuidados, 23(53), 119-128. doi:10.14198/cuid.2019.53.12

Díaz García, L. I. & Fernández M., Y. (2018). Situación legislativa de la Violencia obstétrica en América latina: el caso de Venezuela, Argentina, México y Chile. Revista de derecho (Valparaíso), (51), 123- 143. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-68512018005000301

Fernandes Pessoa Madeira, D.; Luiza Silva Queiroz, M..; Lopes Toledo, R. (2020). Violência obstétrica: a relação entre a violação do direito à assistência obstétrica humanizada e o patriarcado. Gênero & Direito, [S. l.], v. 9, n. 04. https://periodicos.ufpb.br/index.php/ged/article/view/51799. Acesso em: 24 out. 2022.

Flores, Y. Y. R., Ledezma, A. G. M., Ibarra, L. E. H., & Acevedo, C. E. G. (2019). Construcción social de la violencia obstétrica en mujeres Tének y Náhuatl de México. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, 53(1). https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-220x2018028603464

Fors, M., Falcon, K., Brandão, T., Vaca, A., Cañadas, S., & Viada González, C. E. (2021). Reliability and Dimensionality of EPREVO (“Experiencias de Parto Relacionadas a Violencia Obstétrica”): Development of a New Instrument, Ecuador. International Journal of Women’s Health, Vol. 13, 569–577. https://doi.org/10.2147/ijwh.s305741

Gleason, E. G., Molina Berrío, D. P., López Ríos, J. M., Mejía Merino, C. M. “Parir no es un asunto de etnia, es un asunto de humanidad”: experiencias frente a la violencia obstétrica durante la atención al parto en mujeres indígenas. Salud Colectiva, vol. 17, e3727, 2021 Universidad Nacional de Lanús DOI: https://doi.org/10.18294/sc.2021.3727

Guimarães, L. B. E., Jonas, E. & Do Amaral, L. R. O. G. (2018). Obstetric violence in public maternity wards of the state of tocantins. Revista Estudos Feministas, 26(1) doi:10.1590/1806-9584.2018v26n143278

Iglesias Ortuño, E. A. y Ulloa Espinosa, C. (2021). Violencia Obstetra en el sistema de salud mexicano. La razón histórica, Revista Hispanoamericana de Historia de las ideas, (51), p. 41-63.

Danubia Jardim, D. M. y Modena, C.M. (2018). Obstetric violence in the daily routine of care and its characteristics. Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.1590/1518-8345.2450.3069

Lappeman, M., & Swartz, L. (2019). Rethinking obstetric violence and the “neglect of neglect”: the silence of a labour ward milieu in a South African district hospital. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12914-019-0218-2

Ley 2244, de “Parto digno, respetado y Humanizado” (Ley 2244 de 2022) Aprobada por el Congreso de la República de Colombia

Lévesque, S., & Ferron-Parayre, A.. (2021). To Use or Not to Use the Term “Obstetric Violence”: Commentary on the Article by Swartz and Lappeman. Violence Against Women, 27(8), 1009–1018. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801221996456

Marrero, L., Brüggemann, O.M. (2018). Institutional violence during the parturition process in Brazil: integrative review. Rev Bras Enferm [Internet]. 71(3):1152-61.

Martínez-Galiano, J. M., Martinez-Vazquez, S., Rodríguez-Almagro, J., & Hernández-Martinez, A. (2021). The magnitude of the problem of obstetric violence and its associated factors: A cross-sectional study. Women and Birth, 34(5), e526-e536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2020.10.002

Martínez-Vázquez, S., Hernández-Martínez, A., Rodríguez-Almagro, J., Delgado-Rodríguez, M., & Martínez-Galiano, J. M. (2022). Relationship between perceived obstetric violence and the risk of postpartum depression: An observational study. Midwifery, 108, 103297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2022.103297

Mayra, K., Sandall, J., Matthews, Z. Y Padmadas, S. S. (2022). Breaking the silence about obstetric violence: Body mapping women's narratives of respect, disrespect and abuse during childbirth in Bihar, India. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04503-7

Megan Bohren et al., ‘The Mistreatment of Women during Childbirth in Health Facilities Globally: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review’, Plos Medicine, 12:5 (2015), 1–32 (p. 7).

Meijer, M., Brandão, T., Cañadas, S., & Falcon, K. (2019). Components of obstetric violence in health facilities in Quito, Ecuador: A descriptive study on information, accompaniment, and position during childbirth. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 148 (3), 355–360. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13075

Mazuera Ayala, P. (2020). Violencia obstétrica: reproduciendo el dolor. Via Inveniendi Et Iudicandi, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.15332/19090528.6783

Mena-Tudela, D., Iglesias-Casás, S., González-Chordá, V. M., Valero-Chillerón, M. J., Andreu-Pejó, L., & Cervera-Gasch, G. (2021).

Obstetric Violence in Spain (Part III): Healthcare Professionals, Times, and Areas. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 3359. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073359

Mena-Tudela, D., Cervera-Gasch, G., Andreu-Pejó, L., Alemany-Anchel, M. J., Valero-Chillerón, M. J., Peris-Ferrando, E., Mahiques-Llopis, J., & González-Chordá, V. M. (2022). Perception of obstetric violence in a sample of Spanish health sciences students: A crosssectional study. Nurse Education Today, 110, 105266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105266

Montero, C., & Leida, C. (2017). El parto y el nacimiento en la modernidad. Una visión con perspectiva de género desde la enfermería obstétrica. Comunidad y Salud, 15(1). https://bit.ly/3zyIWrT

Nascimento, S. L., Pires, V. M. M. M., Santos, N. A., Machado, J. C., Meira, L. S., Vanda, P. R. (2019). Conocimiento y vivencias de violencia obstétrica en mujeres que han vivido la experiencia del parto. Enfermería Actual de Costa Rica, 37(1), 66-79. doi: 10.15517/revenf.v0iNo.37.35264

Organización Mundial De La Salud. (2014). Prevención y erradicación de la falta de respeto y el maltrato durante la atención del parto en centros de salud. OMS.

Paiva, A. M. G., Pereira, A. M. M., Dantas, S. L. D. C., Rodrigues, A. R. M., Da Silva, F. W. O., & Rodrigues, D. P. (2022). Social representations of obstetric violence for puerperal women and health professionals: correspondence factor analysis. [representações sociais da violência obstétrica para puérperas e profissionais da saúde: análise fatorial de correspondência; representaciones sociales de la violencia obstétrica para mujeres puérperas y profesionales de la salud: análisis factorial de correspondencia] Cogitare Enfermagem, 27 doi:10.5380/ce.v27i0.75198

Palacios, D. C. V., Cárdenas, T. X. C., Peñaranda, D. A. L., Torres, Z. K. S., & Johanna, P. Á. N. (2020). Obstetric violence by health personnel from the perspective of women who attend a hospital in azuay, Ecuador. Investigación Clínica (Venezuela), 61(1), 140-151. https://bit.ly/3zQeydN}

Pineda G., E. (2022). Aproximaciones al femicidio gineco-obstétrico: Approaches to gynecological-obstetric femicide. Revista nuestra América, 10(19), e6028609. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6028609

Poo, A. M., Gallardo, M. J., Herrera-Contreras, Y. & Baeza, B. (2021). Representación de la violencia obstétrica que construyen profesionales matronas de la ciudad de Temuco. Revista chilena de obstetricia y ginecología, 86(4), 374-379. https://dx.doi.org/10.24875/rechog.m21000016

Ramos, F. M., Maciel, R. G., De Abreu, S. S. A., Barbosa, J. D. M. Y Cohelo, L. T. (2020). The obstetric nursing residents' view on obstetric violence in institutions. Interface-comunicacao saude educacao, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1590/Interface.180664

Quattrocchi, P. (2018). Violencia obstétrica. Aportes desde américa latina. Gênero & Direito, [S. l.], v. 7, n. 1. DOI: 10.22478/ufpb.2179-7137.2018v7n1.38974.

Rodríguez-Roque, S., Rodríguez-Rico, D., Rodríguez-Rico, G., & Jiménez-Malavé, R. (2020). Obstetric violence: Behavior of medical personnel and patient's perception in delivery rooms. multicenter study, anzoátegui state. [Violencia obstétrica: Conducta del personal médico y percepción de las usuarias en las salas de parto. Estudio multicéntrico, estado Anzoátegui] Revista de Obstetricia y Ginecología de Venezuela, 80(4), 280-291. doi:10.51288/00800405

Santos, C. A. M., Bezerra, D. C. M.S., Maia, M. V.C., Da Costa, B. A., De Oliveira Cavalcante, K., Ferreira, J. A. R. (2021). Puerperae’s experience concerning obstetric violence in the phenomenological perspective. Revista Cubana de Enfermería, 37(1). https://bit.ly/3zqGHqp

Sen, G., Reddy, B. & Iyer, A. (2018). Beyond measurement: the drivers of disrespect and abuse in obstetric care. Reproductive Health Matters. 26. 1-13. 10.1080/09688080.2018.1508173

Trajano, A. R. y Barreto, E. A. (2021). Violência obstétrica na visão de profissionais de saúde: a questão de gênero como definidora da assistência ao parto. Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação, 25(17), .https://doi.org/10.1590/interface.200689

Uendel Gonçalves, A.; Maria Da Penha Rodrigues, F.; A. C. Perez, Dias. (2020). Obstetric violence from the perspective of women who participated in the Program “Mulheres Mil”. Revista Família, Ciclos de Vida e Saúde no Contexto Social, vol. 8, no. 2, 2020, pp. 296-306. https://www.redalyc.org/journal/4979/497963611015/497963611015.pdf

Valdez, S. R., Arenas, L. M., Rojas, A. y Sánchez, M. (2018). Discrimination and obstetric violence in mexican maternity wards. Injury Prevention, 24(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprevention-2018-safety.288

Verano, J., Rodrigues, C., Ferreira, M., & Oliveira, S. D. (2019). Shifting the paradigm to an obstetric humanized care: the disparities at a tertiary care hospital in the midwest of Brazil. Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology, 46(4), 521–525. https://doi.org/10.12891/ceog4542.2019

Williamson, K. E. (2021). The iatrogenesis of obstetric racism in Brazil: beyond the body, beyond the clinic. Anthropology & Medicine, 28:2, 172-187, DOI: 10.1080/13648470.2021.1932416

World Health Organization. (2018). WHO recommendations: intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241550215

Published
2023-02-11
How to Cite
Ramos, B. E., Acuña González , A. G., García Verduzco , M. F., & Gómez Pérez, C. S. (2023). Obstetric violence: a systematic review of the literature . Opción, 39(100), 60-93. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7637450
Section
Artículos