Saudi-Turkish Relations During The Reign Of King Salman BinAbdulAziz. MotivationsAndChallenges
Abstract
The research tries to dismantle the interconnected public image between the motives and challenges that shape the course of Saudi-Turkish relations, their nature and the dynamics governing them. Relations have developed since the arrival of King Salman bin Abdul Aziz in the Kingdom in January 2015, but they have not witnessed a complete consensus or strategic alliance. Living under the influence of several factors, including what is political, including historical or national, in addition to external influences, whether regional or international, on the other hand, relations have not seen a total break despite the challenges faced in many regional and international files, has witnessed a series of tides, what it is characterized by complexity and contradictions. For their part, the parties are always in dire need of rapprochement and coopera- tion, while their interrelationships are marked by a degree of skepticism and mistrust, and vary on some of the central issues in the region.References
(1) Saudi-Turkish Rapprochement: Backgrounds, Motivations and Prospects, 2016 https://www.dohainstitute.org/en/PoliticalStudies/Pages/Saudi-Turkish_ Rapprochement_Background_Motives_Prospects.aspx
(2) Sabri al-Hiti, the regional strategic balance in the Arab Gulf region and the role of Iran “Wilayat al-Faqih”, Amjad Publishing House, Amman, 2015, p. 45.
(3) Abbas Atwan, Saudi-Turkish Relations, Arab Publishing and Distribu- tion, Cairo, 2015, p. 90.
(4) Saudi-Turkish Rapprochement: Backgrounds, Motivations and Pros- pects, 2016 https://www.dohainstitute.org/en/PoliticalStudies/Pages/Saudi-Turkish_ Rapprochement_Background_Motives_Prospects.aspx
(5) Muthanna Al-Obeidi, Turkey’s Policy towards Arab Issues - A Study in the Nature of Determinants and Attitudes, Dar Al-Hamed for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, 2016, p. 60.
(6) Nizar al-Samarrai, the Iranian-Turkish project regionally and interna- tionally .. Conditional questions, i 1, Dar Tigris for Publishing, Amman, 2015, p. 32.
(7) Turkish-Saudi economic relations “prospective study”, 16/11/2015 http://istratigy.com
(8) Turkish-Saudi Convergence and Context, 2016
https://thenewkhalij.news/article/27857
(9) Ahmed al-Masri, “Salman and Erdogan” .. The password in the “para- digm shift” relations between Turkey and Saudi Arabia, 2017,
(10) Turkish Anatolian Agency, coup attempt of the organization “Fethul- lah Gulen” terrorist, Mega industrial commercial contribution to the print- ing and publishing, Ankara, i, 2016, p 85.
(11) Do Saudi-Turkish relations decline? 20 June, 2019 https://nedaa-sy.com/articles/537
(12) “Saudi-Turkish Strategic Council” .. A new phase of cooperation sparked by the King
A military and economic rapprochement and consistent positions towards the region ... a convergence on Syria, Yemen and terrorism https://sabq.org/
(13) The development of Turkish-Saudi relations during the reign of Erdo- gan and King Salman, Daily Sabah, 2017 https://www.dailysabah.com/arabic/politics/2017/02/13/the-development- of-turkish-saudi-relations-in-the-era-of-erdogan-and-king-salman
(14) Political relations between Turkey and Saudi Arabia http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-suudi-arabistan-siyasi-iliskileri_en.ar.mfa (15) Do Saudi-Turkish relations decline? 20 June, 2019 https://nedaa-sy.com/articles/537
(16) Saudi-Turkish Economic What After Khashoggi’s Disappearance ?, Al Jazeera Net, 9/10/2018, (accessed: 6/2/2019), link
(17) Turkish-Saudi economic relations 2019
(18) The development of Turkish-Saudi relations during the reign of Erdo- gan and King Salman, Daily Sabah, 2017 https://www.dailysabah.com/arabic/politics/2017/02/13/the-develop- ment-of-turkish-saudi-relations-in-the-era-of-erdogan-and-king-salman (19) Turkish-Saudi economic relations 2019
(20) Turkish currency falls to a new record, Sky News, 12/8/2018, (ac- cessed: 6/2/2019), link
(21) Amr Mohamed Hassan Ellithy: Turkish- Saudi Relations: from A Regional Perspective in The Period From 2003 Until 2013, Ph.D Thesis, (The Graduate School of Social Sciences of Middle East Technical Uni- versity, September 2015), p. 181
(22) Ahmed al-Masri, “Salman and Erdogan” .. The password in the “par- adigm shift” relations between Turkey and Saudi Arabia, 2017
(23) Saudi-Turkish cooperation reaches electronic military field, 2016 https://aliqtisadi.com
(24) Evolution of Turkish-Saudi Relations in the Reign of Erdogan and King Salman, Daily Sabah, 2017 https://www.dailysabah.com/arabic/politics/2017/02/13/the-develop- ment-of-turkish-saudi-relations-in-the-era-of-erdogan-and-king-salman (25) Al-Madina Newspaper: “Saudi-Turkish Relations: Regional Situation Imposes Strategic Cooperation”, 29 September 2016
(26) Ahmed Tami, Cultural Relations between Arabs and Saudi Arabia as a Model,
http://www.al-jazirah.com/culture/2008/07042008/fadaat18.htm
(27) Saudi Arabia presses Syrian opposition to accept Assad’s stay, Com- pass, 6/8/2017, (entry date: 10/102017), link:
(28) Meetings of the Syrian Coalition in Riyadh for the Expansion of the Higher Commission, the New Arab, 9/8/2017, (Date of entry: 10/102017), link:(29) Operation Euphrates Shield to expel ISIS from the Turkish-Syrian border, Al-Hayat, 25/8/2016, (entry date: 10/102017), link:
(30) Military operation carried out by the “Free Syrian Army” in Idlib, RT Arabic, 7/10/2017, (entry date: 10/102017), link:
(31) Congress opposes withdrawal from Syria and Afghanistan, Gulf On- line, 5 February 2019 (access date: 7 February 2019), link.
(32) Qatari Foreign Minister: There is no solution in the horizon for the Gulf crisis and must open a “positive” dialogue with Iran, CNN, (entry date: 8 February 2019, link)
(33) The Turkish Parliament passes a bill allowing the deployment of Turkish troops in Qatar, RT Arabi, 762017, (accessed on: 10/102017), link: (34) Erdogan to those disturbed by Turkey’s support for Qatar: We will continue this support and will not leave them alone, Watan, 962017, (ac- cess date: 10/102017), link:
(35) Erdogan: We know very well who was happy in the Gulf when Tur- key was exposed to the coup attempt, Gulf Online, 962017, (accessed: 10/102017), link:
(36) Firzli, M. Nicolas (17 June 2017). “The Qatar Crisis and the Eastern Flank of the Arab World”. Retrieved 18 July 2017 - via Al Sharq Al Awsat www.academia.edu.
(37) Şafak, Yeni (3 August 2019). “Saudi, UAE coup attempt in Qatar foiled by Turkey”. Yeni Şafak.
(38) “MBC Group Stop Turkish Series Show ... Background and Reason”. An-Nahar. March 4, 2018.
(39) Similarly, Turkey stops granting visas to Americans, RT Arabic, 8/10/2017, link
(40) Hatem Abdel Qader, Saudi Attempts to Block Iran from the Iraqi Por- tal, Al-Bawaba News, 27/2/2017, link:
(41) Internationalization of Khashoggi’s Killing Case: Prospects and Pros- pects, Al-Jazeera Center for Studies, 25/12/2018, (accessed 7/7/2019), link (42) Weise, Zia (26 October 2018). “Erdoğan’s risky Saudi strategy”. PO- LITICO.
(43) editor, Patrick Wintour Diplomatic (23 October 2018). “Erdoğan’s Khashoggi speech poses tough questions for Bin Salman” - via www.the- guardian.com.
(44) Mona Suleiman, prospects for the future of Turkish-Saudi relations after Ankara’s failure to internationalize the crisis `` Khashoggi ‘’, 2019, https://www.zamanarabic.com
(45) Hisham Al-Hubaishan. Crisis Group to shape the future of Turk- ish-Saudi relations !?
(46) Wissam Bassam, Saudi-Turkish relations .. to where ??, 2019, http:// alyoum8.net/news/4548
(47) Akyol, Mustafa. “Khashoggi’s Death Is Highlighting the Otto- man-Saudi Islamic Rift”
(48) Mustafa Al-Dulaimi, the most prominent indicators of the Turk- ish-Saudi dispute .. Do they appear to the public? 2018 https://arabi21.com
(49) Saudi Arabia rejects Turkey’s attempt to dominate the Muslim world https://www.dw.com