Phyllanthin from Phyllanthus amarus protects the myocardium during pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme.

La filantina de la Phyllanthus amarus protegió el miocardio durante la hipertrofia cardíaca inducida por sobrecarga de presión mediante la inhibición de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina.

• Changyou Zhu Jinan Third People’s Hospital Geriatric Medicine, JiNan, China. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8801-7031
• ZhiHua Liu Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation, QingDao, China. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2105-4395
• YanHong Gai Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Cardiology, QingDao, China. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9886-2572

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54817/IC.v66n1a06

Palabras clave: Enzima convertidora de angiotensina, estenosis aórtica, hipertrofia cardíaca, colágeno-I, Filantina, Phyllanthus amarus, sobrecarga de presión

Resumen

La cardiopatía isquémica es el resultado de la obstrucción del flujo sanguíneo del corazón y conduce al infarto de miocardio. Se ha demostrado que varios lignanos de origen herbario protegen contra la cardiotoxicidad. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el potencial de la filantina, identificada a partir de un extracto metanólico estandarizado de Phyllanthus amarus (PAME), contra la hipertrofia cardíaca inducida por sobrecarga de presión en ratas experimentales. El lignano se identificó en PAME mediante HPLC. La ligadura de la aorta abdominal indujo hipertrofia cardíaca en ratas Wistar (220-240 g). Luego se las trató con (n = 15, cada una) agua destilada (10 ml/kg, control de estenosis aórtica), lisinopril (15 mg/kg) o PAME (50, 100 y 200 mg/kg) durante 28 días. Los compuestos de lignano se identificaron utilizando espectros UV en PAME, y el análisis de HPLC mostró la presencia de filantina en un tiempo de retención de 25,30 con un área de 70,22%. El tratamiento con PAME (100 y 200 mg/kg) mejoró significativamente y de manera dosis-dependiente (p<0,01 y p<0,001) la elevación inducida por AS en los pesos cardíacos absolutos y relativos, aumentó los niveles de biomarcadores séricos y las alteraciones en las funciones electrocardiográficas y hemodinámicas. PAME inhibió eficazmente el estrés óxido- nitrosativo inducido por AS de manera dosis-dependiente (p<0,01 y p<0,001). La expresión de ARNm regulada al alza de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina cardíaca (ECA) y el colágeno-I también fueron inhibidos notablemente (p<0,01 y p<0,001) por PAME. PAME redujo significativamente (p<0,01 y p<0,001) las alteraciones inducidas por sobrecarga de presión en la histopatología cardíaca. En conclusión, la filantina identificada en P. amarus mejoró la hipertrofia cardíaca inducida por sobrecarga de presión al inhibir las vías de formación de la ECA y del colágeno-I para aliviar la hipertensión y la fibrosis. Estos hallazgos en conjunto sugieren que P. amarus ofrece una terapia prometedora para el manejo de las enfermedades cardíacas isquémicas.

Citas

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