Modified High-Intensity Interval Training and its effects on immunometabolic regulation in sedentary young adults with overweight and obesity.

Entrenamiento modificado de intervalos de alta intensidad y sus efectos sobre la regulación inmunometabólica en adultos jóvenes sedentarios con sobrepeso y obesidad.

• Carmen Paulina Rodríguez-López Universidad Autónoma Metropolitano-Xochimilco (UAM-Xochimilco), Ciudad de México , México. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8226-4971
• María Cristina González-Torres Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3778-422X
• Oralia Nájera-Medina Universidad Autónoma Metropolitano-Xochimilco (UAM-Xochimilco), Ciudad de México , México. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2166-3770

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54817/IC.v64n3a7

Palabras clave: obesidad, actividad física, leucocitos, síndrome metabólico, grasa visceral

Resumen

El sedentarismo puede contribuir a obesidad y otras enfermedades; la inflamación crónica de bajo grado asociada a la obesidad puede llevar a alteraciones metabólicas. La actividad física es una alternativa para disminuir el exceso de peso y sus comorbilidades asociadas, donde el Entrenamiento de Intervalos de Alta Intensidad (HIIT, por sus siglas en inglés) ha emergido como un regulador del metabolismo del cuerpo y del proceso inflamatorio en personas con exceso de peso. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar los efectos del programa de HIIT modificado sobre leucocitos en sangre periférica (LSP), perfil metabólico, resistencia a la insulina y composición corporal (CC) en 37 participantes, 23 con exceso de peso (17 con sobrepeso y 6 con obesidad), después de ocho semanas del entrenamiento y compararlos con 14 participantes con peso saludable. Se encontró que los linfocitos totales, linfocitos TCD3+ y TCD8+ disminuyeron; los granulocitos y las células TCD3+ vírgenes aumentaron. En cuanto a las correlaciones parciales, encontramos que los cambios (Δ) en los linfocitos TCD8+ se correlacionaron positivamente con la glucosa y LDL-c, mientras que las células TCD3+ vírgenes correlacionaron con colesterol total y LDL-c. Δ en células TCD4+CD45RA+ correlacionaron negativamente con Δ en tejido adiposo subcutáneo y masa grasa corporal. Estos resultados mostraron que los adultos sedentarios que completaron el entrenamiento presentaron niveles de linfocitos similares a los de los participantes con un peso saludable y cambios positivos en las variables de estudio. Tales cambios sugieren una regulación inmunometabólica en los participantes con sobrepeso y obesidad.

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