Relationship between peripheral arterial disease severity determined by the Glass classification and triglyceride-glucose index; novel association and novel classification system.
Relación entre la gravedad de la enfermedad arterial periférica determinada por la clasificación GLASS y el índice de triglicéridos-glucosa; nueva asociación y nuevo sistema de clasificación.
Palabras clave:
enfermedad arterial periférica, clasificación de GLASS, indice de triglicéridos-glucosa, resistencia a la insulina
Resumen
La enfermedad arterial periférica es una manifestación clínica importante causada por la aterosclerosis. Es una causa común de morbilidad y mortalidad en todo el mundo. Se ve comúnmente en hombres y la prevalencia aumenta con la edad. Es más común con el tabaquismo, la hipertensión, la diabetes mellitus y la hiperlipidemia. Nuevos estudios investigan la relación entre el índice de triglicéridos-glucosa (TyG) y las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Los estudios que investigan la asociación de este índice y la enfermedad arterial periférica generalmente se realizan utilizando la clasificación de TASC. Nuestro objetivo fue estudiar esta asociación utilizando la nueva clasificación de GLASS (sistema global de estadificación anatómica de extremidades). Doscientos pacientes entre 25 a 90 años con diagnóstico de enfermedad arterial periférica e ingresados al hospital para angiografía arterial periférica entre julio de 2021 y diciembre de 2021, fueron evaluados retrospectivamente con parámetros sanguíneos e imágenes angiográficas. Los pacientes se dividieron en dos grupos: leves (grupo 1; n=58) y graves (grupo 2; n=142) según la clasificación de GLASS. No se observaron diferencias estadísticas para las comorbilidades y las tasas de procedimientos intervencionistas repetidos (p = 0,164). Los valores de triglicéridos se encontraron significativamente diferentes entre los grupos (p= 0,04). El índice de triglicéridos- glucosa se encontró más alto en el grupo 2 (p= 0,04). Según el modelo de regresión logística binaria, solo el índice de triglicéridos-glucosa resultó tener un efecto significativo como factor diagnóstico (p=0,011). El índice de triglicéridos-glucosa también se correlacionó significativamente con la gravedad de la clasificación de Rutherford (p=0,012) y la clasificación de GLASS (p<0,001). La enfermedad arterial periférica y la gravedad de la enfermedad podrían controlarse fácilmente con TyG calculable simple. De esta manera, se podrían tomar precauciones y prevenir morbilidades.
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Duran Karaduman B, Ayhan H, Keleş T, Bozkurt E. The triglyceride-glucose index predicts peripheral artery disease complexity. Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50(5): 1217-1222.
Shu J, Santulli G. Update on peripheral artery disease: Epidemiology and evidence-based facts. Atherosclerosis 2018; 275: 379-381.
Hirsch AT, Criqui MH, Treat-Jacobson D, Regensteiner JG, Creager MA, Olin JW, Krook SH, Hunninghake DB, Comerota AJ, Walsh ME, McDermott MM, Hiatt WR. Peripheral arterial disease detection, awareness, and treatment in primary care. JAMA 2001; 286(11): 1317-1324.
Norgren L, Hiatt WR, Dormandy JA, Nehler MR, Harris KA, Fowkes FG; TASC II Working Group. Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (TASC II). J Vasc Surg 2007;45 Suppl S:S5-67.
Crawford F, Welch K, Andras A, Chappell FM. Ankle brachial index for the diagnosis of lower limb peripheral arterial disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016;9(9):CD010680.
Bartholomew JR, Olin JW. Pathophysiology of peripheral arterial disease and risk factors for its development. Cleve Clin J Med 2006; 73 Suppl 4: 8-14.
Rooke TW, Hirsch AT, Misra S, Sidawy AN, Beckman JA, Findeiss L, Golzarian J, Gornik HL, Jaff MR, Moneta GL, Olin JW, Stanley JC, White CJ, White JV, Zierler RE; American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force; American Heart Association Task Force. Management of patients with peripheral artery disease (compilation of 2005 and 2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline Recommendations): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 61(14): 1555-70.
Faerch K, Vaag A, Holst JJ, Hansen T, Jørgensen T, Borch-Johnsen K. Natural history of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in the progression from normal glucose tolerance to impaired fasting glycemia and impaired glucose tolerance: the Inter99 study. Diabetes Care 2009;32(3):439-44.
DeFronzo RA. Insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis: the missing links. The Claude Bernard Lecture 2009. Diabetologia 2010;53(7):1270-1287.
Di Pino A, DeFronzo RA. Insulin resistance and atherosclerosis: implications for insulin-sensitizing agents. Endocr Rev 2019;40(6):1447-1467.
Ginsberg HN. Insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. J Clin Invest 2000; 106(4): 453-458.
Pande RL, Perlstein TS, Beckman JA, Creager MA. Association of insulin resistance and inflammation with peripheral arterial disease: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 to 2004. Circulation 2008;118(1):33-41.
Creager MA, Lüscher TF, Cosentino F, Beckman JA. Diabetes and vascular disease: pathophysiology, clinical consequences, and medical therapy: Part I. Circulation 2003;108(12):1527-1532.
Adeva-Andany MM, Ameneiros-Rodríguez E, Fernández-Fernández C, Domínguez- Montero A, Funcasta-Calderón R. Insulin resistance is associated with subclinical vascular disease in humans. World J Diabetes 2019;10(2):63-77.
Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ. The metabolic syndrome. Lancet 2005; 365(9468):1415-1428.
Simental-Mendía LE, Rodríguez-Morán M, Guerrero-Romero F. The product of fasting glucose and triglycerides as surrogate for identifying insulin resistance in apparently healthy subjects. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2008; 6(4): 299-304.
Toro-Huamanchumo CJ, Urrunaga-Pastor D, Guarnizo-Poma M, Lazaro-Alcantara H, Paico-Palacios S, Pantoja-Torres B, Ranilla-Seguin VDC, Benites-Zapata VA. Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome Research Group. Triglycerides and glucose index as an insulin resistance marker in a sample of healthy adults. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13(1): 272-277.
Angoorani P, Heshmat R, Ejtahed HS, Motlagh ME, Ziaodini H, Taheri M, Aminaee T, Goodarzi A, Qorbani M, Kelishadi R. Validity of triglyceride-glucose index as an indicator for metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-V study. Eat Weight Disord 2018; 23(6): 877-883.
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Sánchez-Iñigo L, Navarro-González D, Fernández-Montero A, Pastrana-Delgado J, Martínez JA. Risk of incident ischemic stroke according to the metabolic health and obesity states in the Vascular-Metabo- lic CUN cohort. Int J Stroke 2017; 12(2): 187-191.
Irace C, Carallo C, Scavelli FB, De Franceschi MS, Esposito T, Tripolino C, Gnasso A. Markers of insulin resistance and carotid atherosclerosis. A comparison of the homeostasis model assessment and triglyceride glucose index. Int J Clin Pract 2013; 67(7): 665-672. 24.
Rutherford RB, Baker JD, Ernst C, Johnston KW, Porter JM, Ahn S, Jones DN. Recommended standards for reports dealing with lower extremity ischemia: revised version. J Vasc Surg 1997; 26(3): 517-538.
Conte MS, Bradbury AW, Kolh P, White JV, Dick F, Fitridge R, Mills JL, Ricco JB, Suresh KR, Murad MH, Aboyans V, Aksoy M, Alexandrescu VA, Armstrong D, Azuma N, Belch J, Bergoeing M, Bjorck M, Chakfé N, Cheng S, Dawson J, Debus ES, Dueck A, Duval S, Eckstein HH, Ferraresi R, Gambhir R, Gargiulo M, Geraghty P, Goode S, Gray B, Guo W, Gupta PC, Hinchliffe R, Jetty P, Komori K, Lavery L, Liang W, Lookstein R, Menard M, Misra S, Miyata T, Moneta G, Munoa Prado JA, Munoz A, Paolini JE, Patel M, Pomposelli F, Powell R, Robless P, Rogers L, Schanzer A, Schneider P, Taylor S, De Ceniga MV, Veller M, Vermassen F, Wang J, Wang S; GVG Wri- ting Group for the Joint Guidelines of the Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS), European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS), and World Federation of Vascular Societies (WFVS). Global Vascular Guidelines on the Management of Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 201; 58(1S): S1-S109.e33 Epub 2019 Jun 8. Erratum in: Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2020; 59(3): 492-493. Erratum in: Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2020; 60(1): 158-159.
Liang P, Marcaccio CL, Darling JD, Kong D, Rao V, St John E, Wyers MC, Hamdan AD, Schermerhorn ML. Validation of the global limb anatomic staging system in first-time lower extremity revascularization. J Vasc Surg 2021; 73(5): 1683-1691.
Gao JW, Hao QY, Gao M, Zhang K, Li XZ, Wang JF, Vuitton DA, Zhang SL, Liu PM. Triglyceride-glucose index in the development of peripheral artery disease: findings from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021;20(1):126.
Song P, Rudan D, Zhu Y, Fowkes FJI, Rahimi K, Fowkes FGR, Rudan I. Global, regional, and national prevalence and risk factors for peripheral artery disease in 2015: an updated systematic review and analysis. Lancet Glob Health 2019;7(8):1020-1030.
Ormazabal V, Nair S, Elfeky O, Aguayo C, Salomon C, Zuñiga FA. Association between insulin resistance and the development of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17(1): 122.
Petersen MC, Shulman GI. Mechanisms of insulin action and insulin resistance. Physiol Rev 2018; 98(4): 2133-2223.
Janus A, Szahidewicz-Krupska E, Mazur G, Doroszko A. Insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction constitute a common therapeutic target in cardiometabolic disorders. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016: 3634948.
Laakso M, Kuusisto J. Insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia in cardiovascular disease development. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2014; 10(5): 293-302.
Adeva-Andany MM, Martínez-Rodríguez J, González-Lucán M, Fernández-Fernández C, Castro-Quintela E. Insulin resistance is a cardiovascular risk factor in humans. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13(2): 1449-1455.
Wang T, Zhao Z, Xu Y, Qi L, Xu M, Lu J, Li M, Chen Y, Dai M, Zhao W, Ning G, Wang W, Bi Y. Insulin resistance and β-Cell dysfunction in relation to cardiometabolic risk patterns. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018;103(6):2207-2215.
Bornfeldt KE, Tabas I. Insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and atherosclerosis. Cell Metab 2011;14(5):575-585.
Pande RL, Perlstein TS, Beckman JA, Creager MA. Association of insulin resistance and inflammation with peripheral arterial disease: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 to 2004. Circulation 2008;118(1):33-41.
Britton KA, Mukamal KJ, Ix JH, Siscovick DS, Newman AB, de Boer IH, Thacker EL, Biggs ML, Gaziano JM, Djoussé L. Insulin resistance and incident peripheral artery disease in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Vasc Med 2012;17(2):85-93.
Du T, Yuan G, Zhang M, Zhou X, Sun X, Yu X. Clinical usefulness of lipid ratios, visceral adiposity indicators, and the triglycerides and glucose index as risk markers of insulin resistance. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13: 146.
Kim MK, Ahn CW, Kang S, Nam JS, Kim KR, Park JS. Relationship between the triglyceride glucose index and coronary artery calcification in Korean adults. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16(1): 108.
Vega GL, Barlow CE, Grundy SM, Leonard D, DeFina LF. Triglyceride-to-high-density- lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio is an index of heart disease mortality and of incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in men. J Investig Med 2014; 62(2): 345-349.
Mao Q, Zhou D, Li Y, Wang Y, Xu SC, Zhao XH. The triglyceride-glucose index predicts coronary artery disease severity and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with non-ST- segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. Dis Markers 2019; 2019: 6891537.
Li S, Guo B, Chen H, Shi Z, Li Y, Tian Q, Shi S. The role of the triglyceride (triacyl-glycerol) glucose index in the development of cardiovascular events: a retrospective cohort analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9(1): 7320.
Chiu TH, Tsai HJ, Chiou HC, Wu PY, Huang JC, Chen SC. A high triglyceride-glucose index is associated with left ventricular dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18(4): 1051-1057.
Lee SB, Ahn CW, Lee BK, Kang S, Nam JS, You JH, Kim MJ, Kim MK, Park JS. Association between triglyceride glucose index and arterial stiffness in Korean adults. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17(1): 41.
Pala AA, Urcun YS. Relationship of triglyceride-glucose index with chronic limb-threatening ischemia in lower extremity peripheral artery disease. Vascular 2021;1 7085381211018332.
Tenenbaum A, Klempfner R, Fisman EZ. Hypertriglyceridemia: a too long unfairly neglected major cardiovascular risk factor. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13: 159.
Chait A, Eckel RH. Lipids, lipoproteins, and cardiovascular disease: clinical pharmacology now and in the future. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101(3): 804-814.
Peng J, Luo F, Ruan G, Peng R, Li X. Hypertriglyceridemia and atherosclerosis. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16(1): 233.
Criqui MH, Aboyans V. Epidemiology of peripheral artery disease. Circ Res 2015; 116(9): 1509-1526.
Duran Karaduman B, Ayhan H, Keleş T, Bozkurt E. The triglyceride-glucose index predicts peripheral artery disease complexity. Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50(5): 1217-1222.
Shu J, Santulli G. Update on peripheral artery disease: Epidemiology and evidence-based facts. Atherosclerosis 2018; 275: 379-381.
Hirsch AT, Criqui MH, Treat-Jacobson D, Regensteiner JG, Creager MA, Olin JW, Krook SH, Hunninghake DB, Comerota AJ, Walsh ME, McDermott MM, Hiatt WR. Peripheral arterial disease detection, awareness, and treatment in primary care. JAMA 2001; 286(11): 1317-1324.
Norgren L, Hiatt WR, Dormandy JA, Nehler MR, Harris KA, Fowkes FG; TASC II Working Group. Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (TASC II). J Vasc Surg 2007;45 Suppl S:S5-67.
Crawford F, Welch K, Andras A, Chappell FM. Ankle brachial index for the diagnosis of lower limb peripheral arterial disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016;9(9):CD010680.
Bartholomew JR, Olin JW. Pathophysiology of peripheral arterial disease and risk factors for its development. Cleve Clin J Med 2006; 73 Suppl 4: 8-14.
Rooke TW, Hirsch AT, Misra S, Sidawy AN, Beckman JA, Findeiss L, Golzarian J, Gornik HL, Jaff MR, Moneta GL, Olin JW, Stanley JC, White CJ, White JV, Zierler RE; American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force; American Heart Association Task Force. Management of patients with peripheral artery disease (compilation of 2005 and 2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline Recommendations): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 61(14): 1555-70.
Faerch K, Vaag A, Holst JJ, Hansen T, Jørgensen T, Borch-Johnsen K. Natural history of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in the progression from normal glucose tolerance to impaired fasting glycemia and impaired glucose tolerance: the Inter99 study. Diabetes Care 2009;32(3):439-44.
DeFronzo RA. Insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis: the missing links. The Claude Bernard Lecture 2009. Diabetologia 2010;53(7):1270-1287.
Di Pino A, DeFronzo RA. Insulin resistance and atherosclerosis: implications for insulin-sensitizing agents. Endocr Rev 2019;40(6):1447-1467.
Ginsberg HN. Insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. J Clin Invest 2000; 106(4): 453-458.
Pande RL, Perlstein TS, Beckman JA, Creager MA. Association of insulin resistance and inflammation with peripheral arterial disease: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 to 2004. Circulation 2008;118(1):33-41.
Creager MA, Lüscher TF, Cosentino F, Beckman JA. Diabetes and vascular disease: pathophysiology, clinical consequences, and medical therapy: Part I. Circulation 2003;108(12):1527-1532.
Adeva-Andany MM, Ameneiros-Rodríguez E, Fernández-Fernández C, Domínguez- Montero A, Funcasta-Calderón R. Insulin resistance is associated with subclinical vascular disease in humans. World J Diabetes 2019;10(2):63-77.
Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ. The metabolic syndrome. Lancet 2005; 365(9468):1415-1428.
Simental-Mendía LE, Rodríguez-Morán M, Guerrero-Romero F. The product of fasting glucose and triglycerides as surrogate for identifying insulin resistance in apparently healthy subjects. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2008; 6(4): 299-304.
Toro-Huamanchumo CJ, Urrunaga-Pastor D, Guarnizo-Poma M, Lazaro-Alcantara H, Paico-Palacios S, Pantoja-Torres B, Ranilla-Seguin VDC, Benites-Zapata VA. Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome Research Group. Triglycerides and glucose index as an insulin resistance marker in a sample of healthy adults. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13(1): 272-277.
Angoorani P, Heshmat R, Ejtahed HS, Motlagh ME, Ziaodini H, Taheri M, Aminaee T, Goodarzi A, Qorbani M, Kelishadi R. Validity of triglyceride-glucose index as an indicator for metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-V study. Eat Weight Disord 2018; 23(6): 877-883.
Sánchez-Íñigo L, Navarro-González D, Fernández-Montero A, Pastrana-Delgado J, Martínez JA. The TyG index may predict the development of cardiovascular events. Eur J Clin Invest 2016; 46(2): 189-197.
Sánchez-Iñigo L, Navarro-González D, Fernández-Montero A, Pastrana-Delgado J, Martínez JA. Risk of incident ischemic stroke according to the metabolic health and obesity states in the Vascular-Metabo- lic CUN cohort. Int J Stroke 2017; 12(2): 187-191.
Irace C, Carallo C, Scavelli FB, De Franceschi MS, Esposito T, Tripolino C, Gnasso A. Markers of insulin resistance and carotid atherosclerosis. A comparison of the homeostasis model assessment and triglyceride glucose index. Int J Clin Pract 2013; 67(7): 665-672. 24.
Rutherford RB, Baker JD, Ernst C, Johnston KW, Porter JM, Ahn S, Jones DN. Recommended standards for reports dealing with lower extremity ischemia: revised version. J Vasc Surg 1997; 26(3): 517-538.
Conte MS, Bradbury AW, Kolh P, White JV, Dick F, Fitridge R, Mills JL, Ricco JB, Suresh KR, Murad MH, Aboyans V, Aksoy M, Alexandrescu VA, Armstrong D, Azuma N, Belch J, Bergoeing M, Bjorck M, Chakfé N, Cheng S, Dawson J, Debus ES, Dueck A, Duval S, Eckstein HH, Ferraresi R, Gambhir R, Gargiulo M, Geraghty P, Goode S, Gray B, Guo W, Gupta PC, Hinchliffe R, Jetty P, Komori K, Lavery L, Liang W, Lookstein R, Menard M, Misra S, Miyata T, Moneta G, Munoa Prado JA, Munoz A, Paolini JE, Patel M, Pomposelli F, Powell R, Robless P, Rogers L, Schanzer A, Schneider P, Taylor S, De Ceniga MV, Veller M, Vermassen F, Wang J, Wang S; GVG Wri- ting Group for the Joint Guidelines of the Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS), European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS), and World Federation of Vascular Societies (WFVS). Global Vascular Guidelines on the Management of Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 201; 58(1S): S1-S109.e33 Epub 2019 Jun 8. Erratum in: Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2020; 59(3): 492-493. Erratum in: Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2020; 60(1): 158-159.
Liang P, Marcaccio CL, Darling JD, Kong D, Rao V, St John E, Wyers MC, Hamdan AD, Schermerhorn ML. Validation of the global limb anatomic staging system in first-time lower extremity revascularization. J Vasc Surg 2021; 73(5): 1683-1691.
Gao JW, Hao QY, Gao M, Zhang K, Li XZ, Wang JF, Vuitton DA, Zhang SL, Liu PM. Triglyceride-glucose index in the development of peripheral artery disease: findings from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021;20(1):126.
Song P, Rudan D, Zhu Y, Fowkes FJI, Rahimi K, Fowkes FGR, Rudan I. Global, regional, and national prevalence and risk factors for peripheral artery disease in 2015: an updated systematic review and analysis. Lancet Glob Health 2019;7(8):1020-1030.
Ormazabal V, Nair S, Elfeky O, Aguayo C, Salomon C, Zuñiga FA. Association between insulin resistance and the development of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17(1): 122.
Petersen MC, Shulman GI. Mechanisms of insulin action and insulin resistance. Physiol Rev 2018; 98(4): 2133-2223.
Janus A, Szahidewicz-Krupska E, Mazur G, Doroszko A. Insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction constitute a common therapeutic target in cardiometabolic disorders. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016: 3634948.
Laakso M, Kuusisto J. Insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia in cardiovascular disease development. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2014; 10(5): 293-302.
Adeva-Andany MM, Martínez-Rodríguez J, González-Lucán M, Fernández-Fernández C, Castro-Quintela E. Insulin resistance is a cardiovascular risk factor in humans. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13(2): 1449-1455.
Wang T, Zhao Z, Xu Y, Qi L, Xu M, Lu J, Li M, Chen Y, Dai M, Zhao W, Ning G, Wang W, Bi Y. Insulin resistance and β-Cell dysfunction in relation to cardiometabolic risk patterns. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018;103(6):2207-2215.
Bornfeldt KE, Tabas I. Insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and atherosclerosis. Cell Metab 2011;14(5):575-585.
Pande RL, Perlstein TS, Beckman JA, Creager MA. Association of insulin resistance and inflammation with peripheral arterial disease: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 to 2004. Circulation 2008;118(1):33-41.
Britton KA, Mukamal KJ, Ix JH, Siscovick DS, Newman AB, de Boer IH, Thacker EL, Biggs ML, Gaziano JM, Djoussé L. Insulin resistance and incident peripheral artery disease in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Vasc Med 2012;17(2):85-93.
Du T, Yuan G, Zhang M, Zhou X, Sun X, Yu X. Clinical usefulness of lipid ratios, visceral adiposity indicators, and the triglycerides and glucose index as risk markers of insulin resistance. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13: 146.
Kim MK, Ahn CW, Kang S, Nam JS, Kim KR, Park JS. Relationship between the triglyceride glucose index and coronary artery calcification in Korean adults. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16(1): 108.
Vega GL, Barlow CE, Grundy SM, Leonard D, DeFina LF. Triglyceride-to-high-density- lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio is an index of heart disease mortality and of incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in men. J Investig Med 2014; 62(2): 345-349.
Mao Q, Zhou D, Li Y, Wang Y, Xu SC, Zhao XH. The triglyceride-glucose index predicts coronary artery disease severity and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with non-ST- segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. Dis Markers 2019; 2019: 6891537.
Li S, Guo B, Chen H, Shi Z, Li Y, Tian Q, Shi S. The role of the triglyceride (triacyl-glycerol) glucose index in the development of cardiovascular events: a retrospective cohort analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9(1): 7320.
Chiu TH, Tsai HJ, Chiou HC, Wu PY, Huang JC, Chen SC. A high triglyceride-glucose index is associated with left ventricular dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18(4): 1051-1057.
Lee SB, Ahn CW, Lee BK, Kang S, Nam JS, You JH, Kim MJ, Kim MK, Park JS. Association between triglyceride glucose index and arterial stiffness in Korean adults. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17(1): 41.
Pala AA, Urcun YS. Relationship of triglyceride-glucose index with chronic limb-threatening ischemia in lower extremity peripheral artery disease. Vascular 2021;1 7085381211018332.
Tenenbaum A, Klempfner R, Fisman EZ. Hypertriglyceridemia: a too long unfairly neglected major cardiovascular risk factor. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13: 159.
Chait A, Eckel RH. Lipids, lipoproteins, and cardiovascular disease: clinical pharmacology now and in the future. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101(3): 804-814.
Peng J, Luo F, Ruan G, Peng R, Li X. Hypertriglyceridemia and atherosclerosis. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16(1): 233.
Publicado
2022-11-10
Cómo citar
Rıfkı Çora, A., & Çelik, E. (2022). Relationship between peripheral arterial disease severity determined by the Glass classification and triglyceride-glucose index; novel association and novel classification system.: Relación entre la gravedad de la enfermedad arterial periférica determinada por la clasificación GLASS y el índice de triglicéridos-glucosa; nueva asociación y nuevo sistema de clasificación. Investigación Clínica, 63(4), 363-375. https://doi.org/10.54817/IC.v63n4a04
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