Producción de un suero equino como inmunoterapia potencial contra la COVID-19
Production of equine sera as a potential immunotherapy against COVID-19
Resumen
Los virus emergentes, como el virus causante de la COVID-19, el SARS-CoV-2, representan una amenaza para la salud de la humanidad, mientras no estén disponibles vacunas, medicamentos o tratamientos alternativos eficaces, como la inmunización pasiva. Las inmunoglobulinas de producción animal, como las de los equinos, pueden ser útiles como inmunoprofilaxis o inmunoterapia contra esta enfermedad viral. Se produjeron anticuerpos terapéuticos (Abs) contra el SARS-CoV-2 a partir de plasma equino hiperinmune inmunizado con el dominio de unión al receptor (RBD) de la proteína de la espiga viral. La presencia de anticuerpos contra RBD se evaluó mediante ELISA y de anticuerpos neutralizantes por inhibición del crecimiento del virus en cultivos celulares. Los caballos inmunizados generaron títulos elevados de anticuerpos anti-RBD con actividad neutralizante antiviral en células Vero-E6 de 1/1.000. El suero preinmune mostró una reactividad anti-RBD por ELISA (título hasta 1/900) y Western Blot pero sin actividad neutralizante. Con el propósito de disminuir posibles efectos adversos, se realizó la digestión proteica con pepsina de las inmunoglobulinas y posterior purificación para obtener los fragmentos F(ab’)2 empleando el protocolo utilizado por Biotecfar C.A (R) para la producción de los antivenenos de serpientes. El modelado del RBD del coronavirus equino mostró que algunos de los epítopos conocidos del RBD del SARS-CoV-2 se conservaban estructuralmente en la proteína del coronavirus equino. Esto podría sugerir que parte de la reactividad del suero preinmune al RBD del SARS-CoV-2 podría deberse a una exposición previa al coronavirus equino en el animal.
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