Infecciones de transmisión sexual en mujeres en situación de privación de la libertad de un establecimiento penitenciario en Mérida, Venezuela. / Sexually transmitted infections in inmates in Merida Venezuela.
Resumen
Resumen.
Las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) y conductas sexuales de riesgo, son prevalentes en mujeres encarceladas. Este estudio mostró que las ITS fueron más frecuentes en mujeres reclusas (66,6 %) que en mujeres en libertad (p ≤ 0,001). Solo el grupo de encarceladas presentó combinaciones de ITS (39%) (p≤0,019), siendo significativas las infecciones por VPH (p≤ 0,007) y Chlamydia trachomatis (p≤ 0,003) con otros agentes causales. VPH y Chlamydia trachomatis fueron más frecuentes en reclusas (35,7%), mientras que las mujeres libres presentaron 9,5% (p≤0,004) y 7,1% respectivamente (p≤0,001). Las reclusas presentaron combinaciones de diferentes genotipos de VPH (p≤0,011). Las infecciones por Treponema pallidum ocurrieron en 7,1 % en reclusas y estuvieron ausentes en las libres. El virus de la hepatitis B, estuvo presente en un 9,5% de reclusas y ausente en mujeres libres (p≤0,040). Los marcadores para hepatitis C y el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) fueron negativos en ambos grupos; los virus herpes simplex tipo 1 y 2 (VHS) se encontraron en 9,5 % de las reclusas y en 7,1 % de mujeres libres. El consumo de tabaco, alcohol y el uso de otras drogas, mostró una frecuencia de 100%, 89,3% y 78,6% respectivamente en mujeres reclusas y un 40%, 30% y 10% en las libres (p≤0,001). El número de parejas sexuales en relación a la presencia de ITS entre ambos grupos, mostró significancia para un número de dos o más parejas (p<0,006). Se observó una elevada prevalencia de ITS únicas o mixtas en mujeres reclusas, así como factores asociados a conductas sexuales de riesgo.
Abstract.
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and sexual risk behaviors are prevalent in incarcerated women. This study showed that STIs were more frequent in female prisoners (66.6%) than in women in freedom (p ≤ 0.001). Only the group of incarcerated women presented a combination of STIs (39%) (p≤0.019), being significant the combination of HPV (p≤ 0.007) and Chlamydia trachomatis (p≤ 0.003) with other causative agents. HPV and Chlamydia trachomatis were more frequent in female prisoners (35.7%), while in non-incarcerated women occurred in 9.5% (p≤0.004) and 7.1%, respectively (p≤0.001). The inmates presented a combination of different HPV genotypes (p≤0.011). Treponema pallidum presented in 7.1% of prisoners and it was negative in free ones. Hepatitis B virus was present in 9.5% of inmates and negative in free women (p≤0.040). Markers for hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were negative in both groups; herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV) were found in 9.5% of the inmates and in 7.1% of free women. The consumption of tobacco, alcohol and the use of other drugs showed a frequency of 100%, 89.3% and 78.6%, respectively, of female prisoners and of 40%, 30% and 10% in free women (p≤0.001). The number of sexual partners in relation to the presence of STIs between both groups showed significance for a number of two or more partners (p <0.006). A high prevalence of single or mixed STIs was observed in female prisoners, as well as factors associated with risky sexual behaviors.
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