Biocompatibilidad y toxicidad de nanopartículas de dióxido de titanio en la cavidad oral: Revisión sistemática. / Biocompatibility and nanotoxicology of titanium dioxide in the oral cavity: Systematic review.
Resumen
Resumen.
El presente artículo tiene como propósito analizar el impacto biológico y la toxicidad de las nanopartículas (NPs) de dióxido de titanio (TiO2 ) en la producción de especies reactivas de oxígeno así como inducción de estrés oxidativo, a través de una revisión sistemática de la bibliografía publicada hasta el momento sobre la biocompatibilidad de las NPs en contacto con células orales. Los datos disponibles sobre las NPs de TiO2 fueron recopilados de la base de datos electrónica PubMed, ScienceDirect y otras fuentes, de acuerdo con recomendaciones PRISMA para revisiones sistemáticas. En el análisis cualitativo de la información publicada sobre la citotoxicidad en células orales, se ha observado un ligero aumento en el número de células metabólicamente activas al estar en contacto con las NPs de TiO2 ; sin embargo a ciertas dosis la viabilidad celular decrece de manera importante. Uno de los efectos negativos de las NPs de TiO2 es la inducción de producción de prostaglandina E2 en un estado proinflamatorio previo, lo que potenciaría el efecto inflamatorio ya existente. Por tal motivo, la aplicación biológica de estas NPs debe ser sujeta a estudios in vivo y metabolómicos, ya que es posible que los resultados de los experimentos in vitro no puedan ser extrapolados a un sistema in vivo debido a la tendencia a agregarse en el medio de cultivo empleado para dichas pruebas. Por lo tanto, aunque puede clasificarse como un material con citotoxidad ligera o incluso biocompatible, no puede ser considerado complemente inocuo.
Abstract.
The aim of the present review article was to analyze the biological impact and toxicology of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) to determine their cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species production as well as induction of oxidative stress through a systematic review of the literature published so far about the biocompatibility of TiO2 NPs in contact with oral cells. Available data on nanoparticles (NPs) were collected from the PubMed and Science Direct electronic databases, and other sources according to PRISMA recommendations for systematic reviews. In the qualitative analysis of published data on cytotoxicity in oral cells, a slight increase in the number of metabolically active cells has been observed when the TiO2 NPs are in contact with oral cells; however, at certain doses cellular viability decreases significantly. One of the negative effects of NPs is the induction of prostaglandin E2 production in a previous pro-inflammatory state, which could increase the existing inflammatory effect. Therefore, the biological application of these nanoparticles must be performed both in vivo and metabolomic studies, since it is possible that the results of the in vitro experiments cannot be extrapolated to an in vivo system, since it been observed that the particles tend to aggregated among them, in the culture medium, used for such as tests. Therefore, although it can be considered a material with light or even biocompatible cytotoxicity, it must not be considered completely harmless.
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