Leptina en leche madura y suero de madres con lactancia exclusiva y su relación con las medidas antropométricas de sus lactantes // Lepeptin in breast milk and maternal blood serum and its relation to the anthropometric measurements of infants
Resumen
Resumen
La nutrición en etapas tempranas de la vida puede afectar el patrón de crecimiento y la programación metabólica del lactante. Se ha sugerido que la lactancia exclusiva influye en dicha programación, pues la leche contiene hormonas como la leptina que regulan el balance energético al actuar sobre el apetito, la saciedad y el peso corporal. Se investigaron mediante el método de ELISA, las concentraciones de leptina en leche madura y suero sanguíneo de 20 madres con lactancia exclusiva, y se relacionaron con las medidas antropométricas de sus lactantes, durante los primeros seis meses de vida. Los resultados mostraron la presencia de leptina en la leche madura, con valores casi invariables durante el estudio y significativamente menores al compararlos con los del suero sanguíneo materno (p<0,05). Los valores séricos disminuyeron progresivamente entre los meses 1 y 6 del posparto. No fue posible establecer una correlación entre la leptina de la leche y el desarrollo antropométrico del lactante. Se encontró una correlación positiva entre las concentraciones de leptina en suero sangíneo y el IMC de las madres (p<0,05). Las mujeres clasificadas con sobrepeso registraron las mayores concentraciones de leptina en suero. Con este estudio es posible concluir que la leptina está presente en la leche madura y que su origen parece ser fundamentalmente local.
Abstract
The intrauterine environment and early life nutrition can affect the body composition and growth pattern of an individual, that is to say, their metabolic programming. Such programming is influenced by exclusive breastfeeding, this is because breast milk contains hormones that regulate the growth and maturity of an infant. One such hormone is leptin, which is involved in regulating appetite, satiety and body weight. Leptin concentrations were determined, through the ELISA method, in the maternal serum and mature milk of 20 mothers practicing exclusive breastfeeding. These concentrations were then related to the anthropometric measurements of their children during the first six months of life. Leptin concentrations in mature milk remained constant, whereas they decreased in serum. It was no possible to establish a positive correlation between leptin and the anthropometric development of infants in the first six months of life. Serum leptin concentrations were significantly higher when compared with mature milk (p<0.05). Overweight women registered the highest concentrations of serum leptin. A positive correlation was observed between the concentration of leptin in serum and the mother’s BMI (p<0.05)). From the results of this study, it is possible to conclude that leptin is present in mature human milk, that it is produced in the mammary gland, and that there’s no significant transfer from the serum to the milk.
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