The effect of individual differences on the cognitive processes of a witness during interrogation

• Marina Anatoleyvna Kaluzhina Kuban State University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4603-4129
• Vadim Victorovich Verstov Kuban State University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8051-8840
• Yuri Alekseevich Bondarenko Kuban State University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5750-685X
• Tatiana Sergeevna Balugina Kuban State University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4465-1668
• Alexander Ivanovich Natura Kuban State University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9567-7705

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3971.39

Palabras clave: interrogatorio, testigo, personalidad, individualidad, temperamento

Resumen

El artículo presenta un análisis de las diferentes concepciones existentes del interrogatorio y, al mismo tiempo, indica la ambigüedad de los enfoques del interrogatorio de testigos según el tipo de delito, el organismo que realiza la investigación y las tácticas utilizadas. El estudio explora el efecto de las diferencias individuales en los procesos cognitivos de los testigos en un interrogatorio simulado. Los autores realizaron una encuesta utilizando el método Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI). Los grupos de testigos se dividen no por los tipos de temperamento per se sino en función del conjunto de características temperamentales (introversión y extraversión; neuroticismo) y controlando la sinceridad de los entrevistados durante la prueba, lo que mejora significativamente la fiabilidad de las conclusiones (Inventario de Personalidad de Eysenck). Finalmente, el estudio demuestra experimentalmente que la velocidad de las reacciones mentales de los testigos no es uniforme y varía según sus características temperamentales. Esto da razón para afirmar la necesidad de adaptarse a diferentes grupos de testigos antes y durante su interrogatorio, dando cuenta de las peculiaridades de su percepción y procesamiento de la información.

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