Occurrence, distribution and molecular analysis of Fusarium head blight on cereals in Northeast Algeria
Keywords:
barley, durum wheat, Fusarium, identification, prospection
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) affects cereals by reducing yield quality and quantity. This study aimed, on the one hand, to evaluate the prevalence, severity, and incidence of this disease on durum wheat and barley fields in the High Setifian Plains Region Northeast of Algeria and, on the other hand, to identify Fusarium species. Durum wheat and barley fields were prospected, and FHB-symptomatic samples were collected during two crop years (2018-2019). The prevalence, incidence, and severity results on durum wheat during the first crop year were 6 %, 12.1 %, and 56.2 %, and on barley, were 23.77 %, 10.22 %, and 49.7 %, respectively. However, in the second crop year, on wheat were 2.5%, 3 %, and 35 %, and on barley were 35 %, 10.86 %, and 44.29 %, respectively. Morphological characterization was used to select the 102 isolates. They were then identified by molecular analysis by PCR amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and β-tubulin (tub2) or translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1). Thus, seven species of Fusarium were identified, namely, F. equiseti (27.45 %), F. graminearum (25.49 %), F. acuminatum (19.6 %), F. oxysporum (13.73 %), F. proliferatum (9.8 %), F. avenaceum (1.96 %), F. incarnatum (1.96 %). In addition, Fusarium proliferatum and F. oxysporum were reported for the first time in Algerian fields.
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References
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Djaaboub, S., Moussaoui, A., Meddah, B., Gouri, S., & Benyahia, K. (2020). Prevalence of Mycoflora and Fusarium graminearum Chemotype DON in Wheat in Bechar Province of South-Western Algeria. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 55(1), 11-26. https://doi.org/10.1556/038.55.2020.002
Djellouli, Y., Louail, A., Messner, F., Missaoui, K., & Gharzouli, R. (2020). Les écosystèmes naturels de l’Est algérien face au risque du changement climatique. Geo-Eco-Trop, 44(4), 609-621. https://www.geoecotrop.be/uploads/publications/pub_444_08.pdf
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Glass, N. L., & Donaldson, G. C. (1995). Development of primer sets designed for use with the PCR to amplify conserved genes from filamentous ascomycetes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 61(4), 1323-1330. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.4.1323-1330.1995
Hadjout, S., & Zouidi, M. (2022). Morphological and cultural characterization of two Fusarium isolates causing wheat Fusarium head blight in Algeria. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 14(4), 11318-11318. https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb14411318
Laraba, I., Boureghda, H., Abdallah, N., Bouaicha, O., Obanor, F., Moretti, A., ... & O'Donnell, K. (2017a). Population genetic structure and mycotoxin potential of the wheat crown rot and head blight pathogen Fusarium culmorum in Algeria. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 103, 34-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2017.04.001
Laraba, I., Keddad, A., Boureghda, H., Abdallah, N., Vaughan, M. M., Proctor, R. H., … & O’Donnell, K. (2017b). Fusarium algeriense, sp. nov., a novel toxigenic crown rot pathogen of durum wheat from Algeria is nested in the Fusarium burgessii species complex. Mycologia, 109(6), 935–950. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2018.1425067
Leslie, J. F., Summerell, B. A., Bullock, S. (2006). The Fusarium laboratory manual. Blackwell Publishers, Ames, Iowa, USA.
MADR, 2020. Ministère de l'agriculture et du développement durable de l’Algérie. Statistiques. https://madr.gov.dz/
Ma, L. J., Geiser, D. M., Proctor, R. H., Rooney, A. P., O'Donnell, K., Trail, F., ... & Kazan, K. (2013). Fusarium pathogenomics. Annual Review of Microbiology, 67, 399-416. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-092412-155650
Marín, P., Moretti, A., Ritieni, A., Jurado, M., Vázquez, C., & González-Jaén, M. T. (2012). Phylogenetic analyses and toxigenic profiles of Fusarium equiseti and Fusarium acuminatum isolated from cereals from Southern Europe. Food Microbiology, 31(2), 229-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2012.03.014.
Matny ON. 2015. Fusarium head blight and crown rot on wheat & barley: losses and health risks. Adv Plants Agric Res. 2(1):38–43. DOI: 10.15406/apar.2015.02.00039
Moretti, A. N. (2009). Taxonomy of Fusarium genus: A continuous fight between lumpers and splitters. Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, (117), 7-13. https://doi.org/10.2298/ZMSPN0917007M
Nelson, P. E., Toussoun T. A., & Marasas, W. F. O. (1983). Fusarium species: An illustrated manual for identification. The Pennsylvania State Univ. Press, University Park, PA. 193 pp.
Nganje, W. E., Bangsund, D. A., Leistritz, F. L., Wilson, W. W., & Tiapo, N. M. (2004). Regional economic impacts of Fusarium head blight in wheat and barley. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 26(3), 332-347. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3700805.
Osborne, L. E., & Stein, J. M. (2007). Epidemiology of Fusarium head blight on small-grain cereals. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 119(1-2), 103-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.032
Parry, D. W., Jenkinson, P. & McLeod, L. (1995). Fusarium ear blight (scab) in small grain cereals - a review. Plant Pathology 44: 207-238. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1995.tb02773.x
Sanger, F., Nicklen, S., & Coulson, A. R. (1977). DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 74(12), 5463-5467. https://www.pnas.org/doi/epdf/10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463
Stack, R. W., & McMullen, M. P. (1998). A visual scale to estimate severity of Fusarium head blight in wheat. https://library.ndsu.edu/ir/bitstream/handle/10365/9187/PP1095_1998.pdf?sequence=1
Tedjari, N., Abbas, K., & Madani, T. (2014). Diagnostic des systèmes fourragers dans la région semi-aride de Sétif. In: Chentouf M. (ed.), López-Francos A. (ed.), Bengoumi M. (ed.), Gabiña D. (ed.). Technology creation and transfer in small ruminants: roles of research, development services and farmer associations. Zaragoza : CIHEAM / INRAM / FAO, 2014. p. 489-493. (Options Méditerranéennes: Série A. Séminaires Méditerranéens ; n. 108). 8. Seminar of the FAO-CIHEAM Sub-Network on Production Systems, 2013/06/11-13, Tangier (Morocco). http://om.ciheam.org/om/pdf/a108/00007672.pdf
Touati-Hattab, S., Barreau, C., Verdal-Bonnin, M. N., Chereau, S., Richard-Forget, F., Hadjout, S., & Bouznad, Z. (2016). Pathogenicity and trichothecenes production of Fusarium culmorum strains causing head blight on wheat and evaluation of resistance of the varieties cultivated in Algeria. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 145, 797-814. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-016-0869-y
Venkataramana, M., Selvakumar, G., & Chandranayaka, S. (2018). Fusarium mycotoxin: toxicity and detection. Microbial Toxins. Toxinology. Springer, Dordrecht, 465-469. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6725-6_4-1
Wegulo, S. N., Baenziger, P. S., Nopsa, J. H., Bockus, W. W., & Hallen-Adams, H. (2015). Management of Fusarium head blight of wheat and barley. Crop Protection, 73, 100-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2015.02.025
Yekkour, A., Toumatia, O., Meklat, A., Verheecke, C., Sabaou, N., Zitouni, A., & Mathieu, F. (2015). Deoxynivalenol-producing ability of Fusarium culmorum strains and their impact on infecting barley in Algeria. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 31, 875-881. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-015-1841-2
Zadoks, J. C., Chang, T. T., & Konzak, C. F. (1974). A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Research, 14(6), 415-421. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1974.tb01084.x
Zahri, S., Farih, A., & Douira, A. (2014). Statut des principales maladies cryptogamiques foliaires du blé au Maroc en 2013. Journal of Applied Biosciences, 77, 6543-6549. https://doi.org/10.4314/jab.v77i0.5
Zhang, K., Yuan-Ying, S., & Cai, L. (2013). An optimized protocol of single spore isolation forfungi. Cryptogamie,Mycologie, 34(4),349-356. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym.v34.iss4.2013.349
Alisaac, E., & Mahlein A. K. (2023). Fusarium head blight on wheat: biology, modern detection and diagnosis and integrated disease management. Toxins, 15(3), 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15030192
Bartlett, J. M., & Stirling, D. (Eds.). (2003). PCR protocols (Vol. 226, pp. 3-525). Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1592593844
Bencheikh, A., Rouag, N., Boutalbi W., & Belabed I. (2018). First report of Fusarium chlamydosporum causing crown rot and dumping of on Durum wheat in Algeria. Journal of Novel Researches on Plant Protection, 9(4), 309-324. https://ppj.shiraz.iau.ir/article_671418.html?lang=en
Bencheikh, A., Rouag, N., Mamache, W., & Belabed, I. (2020). First report of Fusarium equiseti causing crown rot and damping-off on durum wheat in Algeria. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 53(19-20), 915-931. https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2020.1804303
Bottalico, A., & Perrone, G. (2002). Toxigenic Fusarium species and mycotoxins associated with head blight in small-grain cereals in Europe. In: Logrieco, A., Bailey, J.A., Corazza, L., Cooke, B.M. (eds) Mycotoxins in Plant Disease. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0001-7_2
Bouanaka, H., Bellil, I., Benouchenne, D., Nieto, G., & Khelifi, D. (2023). First report of Fusarium asiaticum and Fusarium incarnatum in Algeria, and evaluation of their pathogenicity on wheat crown rot. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 29(5), 908-916. https://journal.agrojournal.org/page/en/details.php?article_id=4411
Carbone, I., & Kohn, L. M. (1999). A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes. Mycologia, 91(3), 553-556. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1999.12061051
Djaaboub, S., Moussaoui, A., Meddah, B., Gouri, S., & Benyahia, K. (2020). Prevalence of Mycoflora and Fusarium graminearum Chemotype DON in Wheat in Bechar Province of South-Western Algeria. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 55(1), 11-26. https://doi.org/10.1556/038.55.2020.002
Djellouli, Y., Louail, A., Messner, F., Missaoui, K., & Gharzouli, R. (2020). Les écosystèmes naturels de l’Est algérien face au risque du changement climatique. Geo-Eco-Trop, 44(4), 609-621. https://www.geoecotrop.be/uploads/publications/pub_444_08.pdf
Gardes, M., & Bruns, T. D. (1993). ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes‐application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology, 2(2), 113-118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x
Glass, N. L., & Donaldson, G. C. (1995). Development of primer sets designed for use with the PCR to amplify conserved genes from filamentous ascomycetes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 61(4), 1323-1330. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.4.1323-1330.1995
Hadjout, S., & Zouidi, M. (2022). Morphological and cultural characterization of two Fusarium isolates causing wheat Fusarium head blight in Algeria. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 14(4), 11318-11318. https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb14411318
Laraba, I., Boureghda, H., Abdallah, N., Bouaicha, O., Obanor, F., Moretti, A., ... & O'Donnell, K. (2017a). Population genetic structure and mycotoxin potential of the wheat crown rot and head blight pathogen Fusarium culmorum in Algeria. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 103, 34-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2017.04.001
Laraba, I., Keddad, A., Boureghda, H., Abdallah, N., Vaughan, M. M., Proctor, R. H., … & O’Donnell, K. (2017b). Fusarium algeriense, sp. nov., a novel toxigenic crown rot pathogen of durum wheat from Algeria is nested in the Fusarium burgessii species complex. Mycologia, 109(6), 935–950. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2018.1425067
Leslie, J. F., Summerell, B. A., Bullock, S. (2006). The Fusarium laboratory manual. Blackwell Publishers, Ames, Iowa, USA.
MADR, 2020. Ministère de l'agriculture et du développement durable de l’Algérie. Statistiques. https://madr.gov.dz/
Ma, L. J., Geiser, D. M., Proctor, R. H., Rooney, A. P., O'Donnell, K., Trail, F., ... & Kazan, K. (2013). Fusarium pathogenomics. Annual Review of Microbiology, 67, 399-416. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-092412-155650
Marín, P., Moretti, A., Ritieni, A., Jurado, M., Vázquez, C., & González-Jaén, M. T. (2012). Phylogenetic analyses and toxigenic profiles of Fusarium equiseti and Fusarium acuminatum isolated from cereals from Southern Europe. Food Microbiology, 31(2), 229-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2012.03.014.
Matny ON. 2015. Fusarium head blight and crown rot on wheat & barley: losses and health risks. Adv Plants Agric Res. 2(1):38–43. DOI: 10.15406/apar.2015.02.00039
Moretti, A. N. (2009). Taxonomy of Fusarium genus: A continuous fight between lumpers and splitters. Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, (117), 7-13. https://doi.org/10.2298/ZMSPN0917007M
Nelson, P. E., Toussoun T. A., & Marasas, W. F. O. (1983). Fusarium species: An illustrated manual for identification. The Pennsylvania State Univ. Press, University Park, PA. 193 pp.
Nganje, W. E., Bangsund, D. A., Leistritz, F. L., Wilson, W. W., & Tiapo, N. M. (2004). Regional economic impacts of Fusarium head blight in wheat and barley. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 26(3), 332-347. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3700805.
Osborne, L. E., & Stein, J. M. (2007). Epidemiology of Fusarium head blight on small-grain cereals. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 119(1-2), 103-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.032
Parry, D. W., Jenkinson, P. & McLeod, L. (1995). Fusarium ear blight (scab) in small grain cereals - a review. Plant Pathology 44: 207-238. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1995.tb02773.x
Sanger, F., Nicklen, S., & Coulson, A. R. (1977). DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 74(12), 5463-5467. https://www.pnas.org/doi/epdf/10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463
Stack, R. W., & McMullen, M. P. (1998). A visual scale to estimate severity of Fusarium head blight in wheat. https://library.ndsu.edu/ir/bitstream/handle/10365/9187/PP1095_1998.pdf?sequence=1
Tedjari, N., Abbas, K., & Madani, T. (2014). Diagnostic des systèmes fourragers dans la région semi-aride de Sétif. In: Chentouf M. (ed.), López-Francos A. (ed.), Bengoumi M. (ed.), Gabiña D. (ed.). Technology creation and transfer in small ruminants: roles of research, development services and farmer associations. Zaragoza : CIHEAM / INRAM / FAO, 2014. p. 489-493. (Options Méditerranéennes: Série A. Séminaires Méditerranéens ; n. 108). 8. Seminar of the FAO-CIHEAM Sub-Network on Production Systems, 2013/06/11-13, Tangier (Morocco). http://om.ciheam.org/om/pdf/a108/00007672.pdf
Touati-Hattab, S., Barreau, C., Verdal-Bonnin, M. N., Chereau, S., Richard-Forget, F., Hadjout, S., & Bouznad, Z. (2016). Pathogenicity and trichothecenes production of Fusarium culmorum strains causing head blight on wheat and evaluation of resistance of the varieties cultivated in Algeria. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 145, 797-814. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-016-0869-y
Venkataramana, M., Selvakumar, G., & Chandranayaka, S. (2018). Fusarium mycotoxin: toxicity and detection. Microbial Toxins. Toxinology. Springer, Dordrecht, 465-469. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6725-6_4-1
Wegulo, S. N., Baenziger, P. S., Nopsa, J. H., Bockus, W. W., & Hallen-Adams, H. (2015). Management of Fusarium head blight of wheat and barley. Crop Protection, 73, 100-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2015.02.025
Yekkour, A., Toumatia, O., Meklat, A., Verheecke, C., Sabaou, N., Zitouni, A., & Mathieu, F. (2015). Deoxynivalenol-producing ability of Fusarium culmorum strains and their impact on infecting barley in Algeria. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 31, 875-881. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-015-1841-2
Zadoks, J. C., Chang, T. T., & Konzak, C. F. (1974). A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Research, 14(6), 415-421. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1974.tb01084.x
Zahri, S., Farih, A., & Douira, A. (2014). Statut des principales maladies cryptogamiques foliaires du blé au Maroc en 2013. Journal of Applied Biosciences, 77, 6543-6549. https://doi.org/10.4314/jab.v77i0.5
Zhang, K., Yuan-Ying, S., & Cai, L. (2013). An optimized protocol of single spore isolation forfungi. Cryptogamie,Mycologie, 34(4),349-356. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym.v34.iss4.2013.349
Published
2025-03-10
How to Cite
Belgacem, A., & Mebarkia, A. (2025). Occurrence, distribution and molecular analysis of Fusarium head blight on cereals in Northeast Algeria. Revista De La Facultad De Agronomía De La Universidad Del Zulia, 42(1), e244216. Retrieved from https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/agronomia/article/view/43626
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Crop Production
Copyright (c) 2025 Alaeddine Belgacem, Abdelkrim Mebarkia
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