The development status of rice iron-coated wet direct seeding technology in Japan
Keywords:
labor shortages, production efficiency, agronomic traits, direct seeding cultivation, agricultural innovation
Abstract
This review examines the development and potential of iron-coated wet direct seeding technology in Japanese rice cultivation, emphasizing its role in mitigating labor shortages and enhancing the sector's competitiveness. The technology, which has been rapidly adopted, improves seedling emergence, reduces seed drifting, and minimizes damage from birds and rodents by increasing seed weight and hardness. Comprising cost-effective materials such as iron powder and calcium sulfate, the coating process is both straightforward and economical. While some studies report a modest 5 % reduction in yield relative to transplanting, others suggest comparable or even improved yields. The technology offers significant advantages in reducing labor input, lowering production costs, and improving seedling establishment, positioning it as a promising solution not only for Japan but also for other rice-producing regions facing similar challenges.
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References
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Fukumoto, M., Ashida, T., & Shindo, S. (2019). Classification of rural settlements based on lot scale of paddy fields and accumulation rate of farmland to core farmers for re-maintenance of farmland, Drainage and Rural Engineering, 87(11), 943-947. doi: https://doi.org/10.11408/jjsidre.87.11_943
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He, B., Zhang, Z., Yang, X., Wang, S., Kusutani, A., & Chen, D. (2018). Development Status and Characteristics of Direct Seeding Cultivation in Japan. China Rice (06), 30-36. doi: https://link.cnki.net/doi/10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2018.06.007
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Jikawa, Y., Yamauchi, M., & Inotani, T. (2013). Effects of conditions of soaking on germination of iron-coated rice seeds. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 82, 134-135. doi: https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1571135651146937344
Jikawa, Y., Yamauchi, M., & Inotani, T. (2014). Cultivar difference in germination characteristics of iron-coated seeds as affected by presoaking in rice direct seeding culture. Journal of Agricultural Production and Management, 20(4), 149-159. doi: https://doi.org/10.20809/seisan.20.4_149
Kim, D., Moritaka, M., & Seifeddine, B. T. (2023). The Study on Prediction of Agricultural Population Using Cohorts Analysis. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 78(2), 71-81. doi: https://doi.org/10.15017/6796279
Kitano, J., Nakayama, Y., & Kanda, Y. (2001). Seedling Emergence and Establishment of Rice Seeds Coated with Iron Oxide in Direct Broadcast Sowing in Flooded Paddy Field. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 70 (Special Issue 2), 71-72. doi: https://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.79.363
Kraehmer, H., Thomas, C., & Vidotto, F. (2017). Rice production in Europe. Rice production worldwide, 93-116. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47516-5_4
Kumar, V., & Ladha, J. K. (2011). Direct seeding of rice: recent developments and future research needs. Advances in agronomy, 111, 297-413. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-387689-8.00001-1
Kumar, K. A., & Reddy, B. S. (2021). “Iron-coated Seed” Technology-a Strategy for Improving Seedling Establishment in Direct Seeded Rice. Chronicle of Bioresource Management, 5, 106-109. doi: https://doi.org/10.22271/09746315.2021.v17.i2.1472
Masarei, M., Guzzomi, A. L., Merritt, D. J., & Erickson, T. E. (2019). Factoring restoration practitioner perceptions into future design of mechanical direct seeders for native seeds. Restoration Ecology, 27(6), 1251-1262. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13001
Mei, J., Wang, W., Peng, S., & Nie, L. (2017). Seed pelleting with calcium peroxide improves crop establishment of direct-seeded rice under waterlogging conditions. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 4878. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04966-1
Muraoka, K., Higashino, H., Abe, H., & Taguchi, M. (2011). Demonstration and prospect of rice direct seeding with iron-coated seeds. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 80, 498-499. doi: https://doi.org/10.14829/jcsproc.231.0.498.0
Muthuramu, S., & Ragavan, T. (2021). Chapter-3 Dry Direct Seeded Rice Cultivation: A Climate Smart Technology. Climate Change and Agriculture, 45, 45. doi: https://doi.org/10.22271/ed.book.142.
Nakao, Y., Sone, C., & Sakagami, J. I. (2020). Genetic diversity of hydro priming effects on rice seed emergence and subsequent growth under different moisture conditions. Genes, 11(9), 994. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11090994
Saito, Y., (2017). Farming management improvement by utilizing the culture characteristics of rice direct sowing with iron-coated in flooded soil. Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food, 79(4), 327-334. doi: https://doi.org/10.11357/jsamfe.79.4_327
Singh, V., Zhou, S., Ganie, Z., Valverde, B., Avila, L., Marchesan, E., Merotto, A., Zorrilla, G., Burgos, N., Norsworthy, J., & Bagavathiannan, M. (2017). Rice production in the Americas. Rice production worldwide, 137-168. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47516-5_6
Tanabe, S., Saito, K., & Yamauchi, M. (2013). Development of dry direct-seeding cultivation method using iron-coated seeds. Bulletin of the Center for the Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, 35, 9-17. doi: https://ousar.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/52579
Van Vo, O., & Huynh, D. N. (2015). Comparing the costs and benefits of floating rice-based and intensive rice-based farming systems in the Mekong Delta. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 5(9), 202. doi: https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.1005/2015.5.9/1005.9.202.217
Wang, S., Sun, H., Shang, Q., Liu, A., Ben, Z., Lai, Y., Liu, K., & Fan, X. (2024). Research status and development prospects of rice direct seeding in Heilongjiang Province. Heilongjiang Agricultural Science, (01), 94-99. doi: https://doi.org/10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2024.01.0094
Yamauchi, M. (2010). Method for manufacturing iron-coated rice seeds [Patent No. 4441645]. National Agriculture and Food Research Organization. doi: https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1573387451185232896
Yamauchi, M. (2012). Direct seeding of rice crop in flooded paddy fields using iron-coated seeds. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 81(2), 148-159. doi: https://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.81.148
Yamauchi, M. (2017). A Review of Iron‐Coating Technology to Stabilize Rice Direct Seeding onto Puddled Soil. Agronomy Journal, 109(3), 739-750. doi: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2016.10.0569
Yamauchi, M. (2019). Labor-saving, stable high yield, and environmental harmony in iron-coated direct seeding cultivation of rice. Soil Making and Eco-Agriculture, 51(3), 27-34. doi: http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/029722563
Yamauchi, M., Ogata, S., Homma, T., Morimoto, S., Katashima, K., Kawara, N., Asonuma, H., Okubo, T., Hidaka, H., & Sato, H. (2023). Expanding seeding time of iron-coated seeds of rice from just after coating to several months as affected by iron contents in coating layer. Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Crop Science, 256(0), 40. https://doi.org/10.14829/jcsproc.256.0_40
Yamauchi, M., Ogata, S., Homma, T., Morimoto, S., Sato, H., Katashima, K., Kawara, N., Asonuma, H., Okubo, T., & Hidaka, H. (2024). Simplification of seed preparation and improvement of initial growth of rice direct seeding technology with iron-coating. Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Crop Science, 257(0), 138. doi: https://doi.org/10.14829/jcsproc.257.0_138
Yang, W., Xu, D., Li, S., Tang, X., Pan, S., Chen, X., & Mo, Z. (2022). Emergence and seedling establishment of rice varieties at different sowing depths. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 41(4), 1672-1686. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10408-0
Yin, Y., He, Q., & Wang, X. (2023). Present Situation and Countermeasures of Rice Industry Development in Ningxia. Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, 64(08), 7-10, 37. doi: https://link.cnki.net/doi/10.3969/j.issn.1002- 204x.2023.08.003
Zhang, Y., Hu, X., Sun, D., et al. (2024). Main Problems and Countermeasures of Direct Seeding Rice Planting in Jiangsu Province——A Survey Research Based on Question and Answer Data from“Nongjiyun”APP. China Rice, 30(03), 78-83. doi: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.03.013
Du, P., & Li, Z. (2023). The labor foundation of rural revitalization: current situation and changes. Journal of University of Jinan (Social Science Edition), 33(05), 106-117. doi: https://link.cnki.net/doi/10.20004/j.cnki.ujn.2023.05.011
Farooq, M. K. H. M., Siddique, K. H., Rehman, H., Aziz, T., Lee, D. J., & Wahid, A. (2011). Rice direct seeding: experiences, challenges and opportunities. Soil and Tillage Research, 111(2), 87-98. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2010.10.008
Fenangad, D., & Orge, R. F. (2015). Simple seed coating technology for improved seedling establishment in direct-seeded rice. OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, 8(11), 35-42. doi: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2709113
Feng, Y., Wang, Q., Zhao, H., Song, Q., Sun,Y., & Zeng, X. (2020). Research status and prospects of the direct seeding technology of rice in China. China Rice, 26(1), 23-27. doi: https://link.cnki.net/doi/10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.01.005
Frischie, S., Miller, A. L., Pedrini, S., & Kildisheva, O. A. (2020). Ensuring seed quality in ecological restoration: native seed cleaning and testing. Restoration Ecology, 28, S239-S248. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13217
Fukumoto, M., Ashida, T., & Shindo, S. (2019). Classification of rural settlements based on lot scale of paddy fields and accumulation rate of farmland to core farmers for re-maintenance of farmland, Drainage and Rural Engineering, 87(11), 943-947. doi: https://doi.org/10.11408/jjsidre.87.11_943
Furuhata, M., Okado, T., Chosa, N., & Matsumura, O. (2011). Hardness, color and germination characteristics of rice seed iron-coated to avoid bird damage-seed pretreatment, tpye and amount of coating material. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 80(3), 302-311. doi: https://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.80.302
Furuhata, M., & Kurokawa, M. (2022). Heat Generation, Germination and seedling establishment characteristics of tetsukuro coated seeds. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 91(2), 170-175. doi: https://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.91.170
He, B., Zhang, Z., Yang, X., Wang, S., Kusutani, A., & Chen, D. (2018). Development Status and Characteristics of Direct Seeding Cultivation in Japan. China Rice (06), 30-36. doi: https://link.cnki.net/doi/10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2018.06.007
Jiang, W., Che, Y., Li, K., Wen, T., Gu, D., & Zhang, A. (2023). Application status and prospects of key technologies for rice cultivation in Jiangsu Province. Jiangsu Agricultural Journal, 39(02), 567-575. doi: https://link.cnki.net/doi/10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2023.02.031
Jikawa, Y., Yamauchi, M., & Inotani, T. (2013). Effects of conditions of soaking on germination of iron-coated rice seeds. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 82, 134-135. doi: https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1571135651146937344
Jikawa, Y., Yamauchi, M., & Inotani, T. (2014). Cultivar difference in germination characteristics of iron-coated seeds as affected by presoaking in rice direct seeding culture. Journal of Agricultural Production and Management, 20(4), 149-159. doi: https://doi.org/10.20809/seisan.20.4_149
Kim, D., Moritaka, M., & Seifeddine, B. T. (2023). The Study on Prediction of Agricultural Population Using Cohorts Analysis. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 78(2), 71-81. doi: https://doi.org/10.15017/6796279
Kitano, J., Nakayama, Y., & Kanda, Y. (2001). Seedling Emergence and Establishment of Rice Seeds Coated with Iron Oxide in Direct Broadcast Sowing in Flooded Paddy Field. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 70 (Special Issue 2), 71-72. doi: https://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.79.363
Kraehmer, H., Thomas, C., & Vidotto, F. (2017). Rice production in Europe. Rice production worldwide, 93-116. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47516-5_4
Kumar, V., & Ladha, J. K. (2011). Direct seeding of rice: recent developments and future research needs. Advances in agronomy, 111, 297-413. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-387689-8.00001-1
Kumar, K. A., & Reddy, B. S. (2021). “Iron-coated Seed” Technology-a Strategy for Improving Seedling Establishment in Direct Seeded Rice. Chronicle of Bioresource Management, 5, 106-109. doi: https://doi.org/10.22271/09746315.2021.v17.i2.1472
Masarei, M., Guzzomi, A. L., Merritt, D. J., & Erickson, T. E. (2019). Factoring restoration practitioner perceptions into future design of mechanical direct seeders for native seeds. Restoration Ecology, 27(6), 1251-1262. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13001
Mei, J., Wang, W., Peng, S., & Nie, L. (2017). Seed pelleting with calcium peroxide improves crop establishment of direct-seeded rice under waterlogging conditions. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 4878. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04966-1
Muraoka, K., Higashino, H., Abe, H., & Taguchi, M. (2011). Demonstration and prospect of rice direct seeding with iron-coated seeds. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 80, 498-499. doi: https://doi.org/10.14829/jcsproc.231.0.498.0
Muthuramu, S., & Ragavan, T. (2021). Chapter-3 Dry Direct Seeded Rice Cultivation: A Climate Smart Technology. Climate Change and Agriculture, 45, 45. doi: https://doi.org/10.22271/ed.book.142.
Nakao, Y., Sone, C., & Sakagami, J. I. (2020). Genetic diversity of hydro priming effects on rice seed emergence and subsequent growth under different moisture conditions. Genes, 11(9), 994. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11090994
Saito, Y., (2017). Farming management improvement by utilizing the culture characteristics of rice direct sowing with iron-coated in flooded soil. Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food, 79(4), 327-334. doi: https://doi.org/10.11357/jsamfe.79.4_327
Singh, V., Zhou, S., Ganie, Z., Valverde, B., Avila, L., Marchesan, E., Merotto, A., Zorrilla, G., Burgos, N., Norsworthy, J., & Bagavathiannan, M. (2017). Rice production in the Americas. Rice production worldwide, 137-168. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47516-5_6
Tanabe, S., Saito, K., & Yamauchi, M. (2013). Development of dry direct-seeding cultivation method using iron-coated seeds. Bulletin of the Center for the Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, 35, 9-17. doi: https://ousar.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/52579
Van Vo, O., & Huynh, D. N. (2015). Comparing the costs and benefits of floating rice-based and intensive rice-based farming systems in the Mekong Delta. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 5(9), 202. doi: https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.1005/2015.5.9/1005.9.202.217
Wang, S., Sun, H., Shang, Q., Liu, A., Ben, Z., Lai, Y., Liu, K., & Fan, X. (2024). Research status and development prospects of rice direct seeding in Heilongjiang Province. Heilongjiang Agricultural Science, (01), 94-99. doi: https://doi.org/10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2024.01.0094
Yamauchi, M. (2010). Method for manufacturing iron-coated rice seeds [Patent No. 4441645]. National Agriculture and Food Research Organization. doi: https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1573387451185232896
Yamauchi, M. (2012). Direct seeding of rice crop in flooded paddy fields using iron-coated seeds. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 81(2), 148-159. doi: https://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.81.148
Yamauchi, M. (2017). A Review of Iron‐Coating Technology to Stabilize Rice Direct Seeding onto Puddled Soil. Agronomy Journal, 109(3), 739-750. doi: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2016.10.0569
Yamauchi, M. (2019). Labor-saving, stable high yield, and environmental harmony in iron-coated direct seeding cultivation of rice. Soil Making and Eco-Agriculture, 51(3), 27-34. doi: http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/029722563
Yamauchi, M., Ogata, S., Homma, T., Morimoto, S., Katashima, K., Kawara, N., Asonuma, H., Okubo, T., Hidaka, H., & Sato, H. (2023). Expanding seeding time of iron-coated seeds of rice from just after coating to several months as affected by iron contents in coating layer. Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Crop Science, 256(0), 40. https://doi.org/10.14829/jcsproc.256.0_40
Yamauchi, M., Ogata, S., Homma, T., Morimoto, S., Sato, H., Katashima, K., Kawara, N., Asonuma, H., Okubo, T., & Hidaka, H. (2024). Simplification of seed preparation and improvement of initial growth of rice direct seeding technology with iron-coating. Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Crop Science, 257(0), 138. doi: https://doi.org/10.14829/jcsproc.257.0_138
Yang, W., Xu, D., Li, S., Tang, X., Pan, S., Chen, X., & Mo, Z. (2022). Emergence and seedling establishment of rice varieties at different sowing depths. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 41(4), 1672-1686. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10408-0
Yin, Y., He, Q., & Wang, X. (2023). Present Situation and Countermeasures of Rice Industry Development in Ningxia. Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, 64(08), 7-10, 37. doi: https://link.cnki.net/doi/10.3969/j.issn.1002- 204x.2023.08.003
Zhang, Y., Hu, X., Sun, D., et al. (2024). Main Problems and Countermeasures of Direct Seeding Rice Planting in Jiangsu Province——A Survey Research Based on Question and Answer Data from“Nongjiyun”APP. China Rice, 30(03), 78-83. doi: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.03.013
Published
2025-02-05
How to Cite
Hao, A., Bing, H., Chao, L., Xiaohang, W., Hong, L., & Shuai, W. (2025). The development status of rice iron-coated wet direct seeding technology in Japan. Revista De La Facultad De Agronomía De La Universidad Del Zulia, 42(1), e244212. Retrieved from https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/agronomia/article/view/43467
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Review article
Copyright (c) 2025 Hao An, Bing He, Chao Li, Xiaohang Wang, Hong Lang, Shuai Wang
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