Residues and dissipation of imidacloprid in avocado fruit
Keywords:
Persea americana, neonicotinoid, withdrawal period, pesticide
Abstract
Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide used to control insect pests in avocado (Persea americana); its excessive application could generate residues above the maximum residue limits (MRL) in the fruit, causing a serious health risk to consumers. The objective of this work was to determine the residues and dissipation of imidacloprid in avocado fruit, Hass variety. The treatments were the doses of Imidacloprid (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mL.L-1) under the commercial formulation Thunder 350SC and the forms of application (sprayed to foliage and drip at the foot of the plant). There were six treatments in a completely randomized experimental design with three replications and 18 experimental units (plants). Quantification was by HPLC (QuEChERS). The evaluations were carried out on two matrices (avocado fruit peel and pulp) at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after the application of Imidacloprid. The application of the 0.5 mL.L-1 dose by drip at the foot of the plant resulted in lower residual and a higher percentage of dissipation in both matrices, higher daily dissipation rate in the pulp, with imidacloprid concentrations that did not exceed the MRL (0.7 mg.kg-1). The application of 1.5 mL.L-1 by spraying resulted in higher residual, and in a lower percentage of dissipation in both matrices, with imidacloprid concentrations in the peel exceeding the MRL at 7 and 14 days. In the pulp, none of the treatments exceeded the MRL.
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References
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Durán-Quirós, A., González-Lutz, M., Vargas-Hernández, G., y Mora-Acedo, D. (2017). Situaciones de riesgo potencial relacionadas con la aplicación de agroquímicos en los sistemas hortícolas. Agronomía Costarricense, 41(2), 67-77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rac.v41i2.31300
Ettiene, G., Bauza, R., Sandoval, L., Medina, D., Raga, J., Quiros, M., Petit, Y., Poleo, N., y Dorado, I. (2017). Estudio de sorción de los insecticidas imidacloprid y tiametoxam en muestras de suelo. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad del Zulia, 33(4), 458-481. https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/agronomia/article/view/27210/27832
Fernández, M., y Giménez, R. (2005). Impacto de Imidacloprid en la descomposición orgánica edáfica en cultivo de duraznero. Agricultura Técnica, 65(4), 370-377. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0365-28072005000400003
García-Vargas, M., Contreras, M., & Castro, E. (2020). Avocado-Derived Biomass as a Source of Bioenergy and Bioproducts. Applied Sciences, 10(22), 8195. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10228195
González, R. (2009). Límites máximos de residuos de plaguicidas y fijación de carencias en el proceso exportador chileno. Manejo Fitosanitario de Huertos. Revista frutícola- Copefrut, 3,15-31. https://www.copefrut.com/wp-content/themes/copefrut/img/revistas/2009_N3.pdf
Hladik, M.L., Main, A.R., & Goulson, D. (2018). Environmental risks and challenges associated with neonicotinoid insecticides. Environmental Science and Technology, 52, 3329 -3335. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b06388
Jawad, S.A., & Hermize, F.B. (2020). Residue analysis of imidacloprid in fruits of sweet pepper carisma (Capsicum annum) using quechers hplc method in greenhouse. Plant Archives, 20, 2067-2073. http://www.plantarchives.org/SPECIAL%20ISSUE%2020-1/2067-2073%20(232).pdf
Joice, J., Aishwarya, S., & Sivakumar, T. (2019). Nano structured Ni and Ru impregnated TiO2 photocatalysts: Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic degradation of neonicotinoid insecticides. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 19(5), 2575-2589. https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2019.15880
Norma Técnica Sanitaria NTP:128/MINSA/2016/DIGESA [Ministerio de Salud]. Por el cual se establecen los límites máximos de residuos (LMR) de plaguicidas de uso agrícola en alimentos de consumo humano. 29 diciembre de 2016. https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/192686/191407_RM-N1006-2016-MINSA.pdf20180904-20266-f9oqn5.pdf?v=1593817044
Mohapatra, S., Siddamallaiah, L., Matadha, N.Y., Udupi, V.R., Raj, D.P., & Gadigeppa, S. (2019). Dissipation of neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid, indoxacarb and thiamethoxam on pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 171, 130-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.070
Pang, S.M., Lin, Z.Q., Zhang, Y.M., & Zhang, W.P. (2020). Insights into the Toxicity and Degradation Mechanisms of Imidacloprid Via Physicochemical and Microbial Approaches. Toxics, 8, 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/ toxics8030065
Peng, S., Yang, S., Zhang, X., Jia, J., Chen, Q., & Lian, Y. (2021). Analysis of imidacloprid residues in mango, cowpea and water samples based on portable molecular imprinting sensors. PLoS ONE, 16(9), e0257042. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0257042
Pereira, P., Parente, C., Carvalho, G., Torres, J., Meire, R., & Dorneles, P. (2021). A review on pesticides in flower production: A push to reduce human exposure and environmental contamination. Environmental Pollution, 289, 117817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117817
PROMPERU. (2022). Plaguicidas LMR. http://plaguicidaslmr.promperu.gob.pe/
Yilmaz, H. (2017). Análisis económico y ambiental del uso de plaguicidas para la producción sostenible de cebada (Hordeum vulgare L.) en Turquía. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad del Zulia, 35(1), 85-107. https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/agronomia/article/view/27262
Zambrano, O. (2014). Consideraciones sobre el cultivo del aguacate (Persea americana Mill.). Origen del aguacate cultivado. Sinopsis taxonómica del género persea. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad del Zulia, 7(1), 47-52. https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/agronomia/article/view/25885
Zhai, R., Zhang, K., Chen, G., Liu, G., Huang, X., & Gao, M. (2022). Residue, dissipation pattern, and dietary risk assessment of imidacloprid in chinese chives. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, 846333. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.846333
Zhou, Y., Lu, X., Yu, B., Wang, D., Zhao, C., & Yang, Q. (2021). Comparison of neonicotinoid residues in soils of different land use types. Science of The Total Environment, 15(782), 46803. https://doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146803
Zikankuba, V.L., Mwanyika, G., Ntwenya, J., & James, A. (2019). Pesticide regulations and their malpractice implications on food and environment safety. Cogent Food and Agriculture, 5(1), 1601544. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1601544
Agriquem - AGQ (2021). Identificación de las principales materias causantes de positivos de plaguicidas en Palto. https://agqlabs.pe/2021/03/30/cambios-en-limites-de-residuos-de-plaguicidas-en-palto/
AOAC. (2007). Official Method 2007:01. Pesticide Residues in Foods by Acetonitrile. Extraction and Partitioning with Magnesium Sulfate. https://nucleus.iaea.org/sites/fcris/Shared%20Documents/SOP/AOAC_2007_01.pdf
Barrientos, A., García, E., y Avitia, E. (1996). Anatomía del fruto de aguacate. Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura, 2(2),189-198. https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.1995.06.041
Bondareva, L., & Fedorova, N. (2021). Pesticides: Behavior in agricultural soil and plants. Molecules, 26(17), 5370. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175370
Castillo, B., Ruiz, J., Manrique, M., y Pozo, C. (2020). Contaminación por plaguicidas agrícolas en los campos de cultivos en Cañete (Perú). Revista Espacios, 41(10), 1-11. http://www.revistaespacios.com/a20v41n10/a20v41n10p11.pdf
CFR - Code of federal regulation - USA. (2022). Imidacloprid: tolerances for residues. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-E/part-180/subpart-C/section-180.472
Chandra, R., Sharpanabharathi, N., Prusty, B., Azeez, P., & Kurakalva, R. (2021). Organochlorine pesticide residues in plants and their possible ecotoxicological and agri food impacts. Scientific reports, 11(1),17841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97286-4
Collavino, M., y Giménez, R. (2008). Efecto del imidacloprid en el control de la polilla del tomate (Tuta absoluta M.). Idesia (Arica), 26(1), 65-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-34292008000100009
Delgado-Zegarra, J., Alvarez-Risco, A., y Yañez, J. A. (2018). Uso indiscriminado de pesticidas y ausencia de control sanitario para el mercado interno en el Perú. Pan American Journal of Public Health, 42,1-6. https://doi. org/10.26633/RPSP.2018.3
Durán-Quirós, A., González-Lutz, M., Vargas-Hernández, G., y Mora-Acedo, D. (2017). Situaciones de riesgo potencial relacionadas con la aplicación de agroquímicos en los sistemas hortícolas. Agronomía Costarricense, 41(2), 67-77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rac.v41i2.31300
Ettiene, G., Bauza, R., Sandoval, L., Medina, D., Raga, J., Quiros, M., Petit, Y., Poleo, N., y Dorado, I. (2017). Estudio de sorción de los insecticidas imidacloprid y tiametoxam en muestras de suelo. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad del Zulia, 33(4), 458-481. https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/agronomia/article/view/27210/27832
Fernández, M., y Giménez, R. (2005). Impacto de Imidacloprid en la descomposición orgánica edáfica en cultivo de duraznero. Agricultura Técnica, 65(4), 370-377. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0365-28072005000400003
García-Vargas, M., Contreras, M., & Castro, E. (2020). Avocado-Derived Biomass as a Source of Bioenergy and Bioproducts. Applied Sciences, 10(22), 8195. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10228195
González, R. (2009). Límites máximos de residuos de plaguicidas y fijación de carencias en el proceso exportador chileno. Manejo Fitosanitario de Huertos. Revista frutícola- Copefrut, 3,15-31. https://www.copefrut.com/wp-content/themes/copefrut/img/revistas/2009_N3.pdf
Hladik, M.L., Main, A.R., & Goulson, D. (2018). Environmental risks and challenges associated with neonicotinoid insecticides. Environmental Science and Technology, 52, 3329 -3335. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b06388
Jawad, S.A., & Hermize, F.B. (2020). Residue analysis of imidacloprid in fruits of sweet pepper carisma (Capsicum annum) using quechers hplc method in greenhouse. Plant Archives, 20, 2067-2073. http://www.plantarchives.org/SPECIAL%20ISSUE%2020-1/2067-2073%20(232).pdf
Joice, J., Aishwarya, S., & Sivakumar, T. (2019). Nano structured Ni and Ru impregnated TiO2 photocatalysts: Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic degradation of neonicotinoid insecticides. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 19(5), 2575-2589. https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2019.15880
Norma Técnica Sanitaria NTP:128/MINSA/2016/DIGESA [Ministerio de Salud]. Por el cual se establecen los límites máximos de residuos (LMR) de plaguicidas de uso agrícola en alimentos de consumo humano. 29 diciembre de 2016. https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/192686/191407_RM-N1006-2016-MINSA.pdf20180904-20266-f9oqn5.pdf?v=1593817044
Mohapatra, S., Siddamallaiah, L., Matadha, N.Y., Udupi, V.R., Raj, D.P., & Gadigeppa, S. (2019). Dissipation of neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid, indoxacarb and thiamethoxam on pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 171, 130-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.070
Pang, S.M., Lin, Z.Q., Zhang, Y.M., & Zhang, W.P. (2020). Insights into the Toxicity and Degradation Mechanisms of Imidacloprid Via Physicochemical and Microbial Approaches. Toxics, 8, 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/ toxics8030065
Peng, S., Yang, S., Zhang, X., Jia, J., Chen, Q., & Lian, Y. (2021). Analysis of imidacloprid residues in mango, cowpea and water samples based on portable molecular imprinting sensors. PLoS ONE, 16(9), e0257042. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0257042
Pereira, P., Parente, C., Carvalho, G., Torres, J., Meire, R., & Dorneles, P. (2021). A review on pesticides in flower production: A push to reduce human exposure and environmental contamination. Environmental Pollution, 289, 117817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117817
PROMPERU. (2022). Plaguicidas LMR. http://plaguicidaslmr.promperu.gob.pe/
Yilmaz, H. (2017). Análisis económico y ambiental del uso de plaguicidas para la producción sostenible de cebada (Hordeum vulgare L.) en Turquía. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad del Zulia, 35(1), 85-107. https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/agronomia/article/view/27262
Zambrano, O. (2014). Consideraciones sobre el cultivo del aguacate (Persea americana Mill.). Origen del aguacate cultivado. Sinopsis taxonómica del género persea. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad del Zulia, 7(1), 47-52. https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/agronomia/article/view/25885
Zhai, R., Zhang, K., Chen, G., Liu, G., Huang, X., & Gao, M. (2022). Residue, dissipation pattern, and dietary risk assessment of imidacloprid in chinese chives. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, 846333. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.846333
Zhou, Y., Lu, X., Yu, B., Wang, D., Zhao, C., & Yang, Q. (2021). Comparison of neonicotinoid residues in soils of different land use types. Science of The Total Environment, 15(782), 46803. https://doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146803
Zikankuba, V.L., Mwanyika, G., Ntwenya, J., & James, A. (2019). Pesticide regulations and their malpractice implications on food and environment safety. Cogent Food and Agriculture, 5(1), 1601544. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1601544
Published
2022-12-26
How to Cite
Sarmiento-Sarmiento, G., Manrique-Nuñez, H., & Lipa-Mamani, L. (2022). Residues and dissipation of imidacloprid in avocado fruit. Revista De La Facultad De Agronomía De La Universidad Del Zulia, 40(1), e234004. Retrieved from https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/agronomia/article/view/39416
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Section
Crop Production
Copyright (c) 2022 Guido Sarmiento-Sarmiento, Horacio Manrique-Nuñez, Luis Lipa-Mamani
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