Edaphic macrofauna and soil physicochemical properties, in smallholder coffee farms

• Eli Morales Rojas Investigador del instituto de investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, calle Higos Urco N° 342-350-356 – Calle Universitaria N° 304 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8623-3192
• Segundo Chávez Quintana Investigador del instituto de investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, calle Higos Urco N° 342-350-356 – Calle Universitaria N° 304 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0946-3445
• Elder Chichipe Vela Investigador del instituto de investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, calle Higos Urco N° 342-350-356 – Calle Universitaria N° 304 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2972-7241
• Manuel Oliva Investigador del instituto de investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, calle Higos Urco N° 342-350-356 – Calle Universitaria N° 304 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9670-0970
• Lenin Quiñones Huatangari Investigador del instituto de Ciencia de Datos, Universidad Nacional de Jaén, Jaén 06801, Perú. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0953-328X

Keywords: Coffea arabica, organic matter, ants, Lumbricus spp., diversity

Abstract

Edaphic macrofauna is a biological soil indicator that is rarely applied in the identification of soil quality in coffee farms. The objective was to evaluate edaphic macrofauna and soil physico-chemical properties in four coffee farms at different altitudes. The farms were selected in four hamlets of small-scale coffee farmers. In one-hectare plantations, three monoliths of 25 × 25 cm wide by 30 cm depth were sampled. Soil samples were taken from each plot, then the organic matter (OM) content, hydrogen potential (pH), electrical conductivity (EC) and nitrogen (N) content were determined. There were no differences in macrofaunal diversity for the altitudes studied, but there were differences according to the time of year (rainfall and low water). The maximum Shannon index was 2.2 (rainy season) and 1.1 (dry season). Physico-chemical parameters such as soil pH ranged from 7.8 - 8.15 in the lower altitude farms and for the higher altitude farms it was 6.38 - 6.65. Soil pH was highly negatively correlated with altitude. Nitrogen was positively correlated with organic matter. Faunal diversity is negatively correlated with season and the presence of microorganisms is influenced by the physico-chemical characteristics of the soil.

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