El clima de la historia: Cuatro tesis / The Climate of History: Four Theses
Resumen
RESUMEN:
La actual crisis planetaria del cambio climático o calentamiento global provoca una variedad de respuestas en individuos, grupos y gobiernos, que van desde la negación, el distanciamiento y la indiferencia hasta un espíritu de compromiso y activismo en diversas formas y grados. Estas respuestas saturan nuestro sentido del presente. El libro más vendido de Alan Weisman, El mundo sin nosotros, propone un experimento mental como un modo de realizar experiencias sobre nuestro presente: “Supongamos que lo peor ha sucedido. La extinción humana es un hecho consumado… imaginemos un mundo del que hemos desaparecido de repente… ¿podríamos haber dejado algunas marcas apenas visibles o perdurables en el universo?... ¿es posible que ese mundo sin nosotros nos eche de menos a pesar de darle un alivio biológico?”. Me siento atraído por el experimento de Weisman, en la medida en que demuestra cómo la crisis actual puede precipitar un sentido del presente que desconecta el futuro del pasado y lo coloca más allá del alcance de la sensibilidad histórica.
ABSTRACT:
The current planetary crisis of climate change or global warming provokes a variety of responses in individuals, groups and governments, ranging from denial, estrangement and indifference to a spirit of commitment and activism in various forms and degrees. These answers saturate our sense of the present. Alan Weisman's bestselling book, The World Without Us, proposes a mental experiment as a way of making experiences about our present: "Suppose the worst has happened. Human extinction is a fait accomplished... let us imagine a world from which we have suddenly disappeared... could we have left some scarcely visible or lasting marks in the universe?... is it possible that this world without us will miss us in spite of giving a biological relief?". I am attracted to Weisman's experiment in the way that demonstrates how the current crisis can precipitate a sense of the present that disconnects the future from the past and places it beyond the reach of historical sensibility.
Citas
Archer, D. (2007). Global Warming: Understanding the Forecast. John Wiley & Sons, Estados Unidos de América.
Arrighi, G. (2006). The Long Twentieth Century: Money, Power, and the Origins of Our Times. Verso, Londres.
Arrighi, G. (2007). Adam Smith in Beijing: lineages of the Twenty-First Century. Verso, Londres.
Bayly, C. A. (2004). The birth of the Modern World, 1780-1914: Global Connections and Comparisons. Malden: Blackwell.
Black, E. (2006). Internal Combustion: How Corporations and Governments Addicted The World to Oil and Derailed the Alternatives. Macmillan, Nueva York.
Bowen M. (2008). Censoring Science: Inside the Political Attack on Dr. James Hansen and the Truth of Global Worming. Penguin, Nueva York.
Braudel, F. (1972). The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age or Philip 11. Collins, Londres.
Burke, P. (1990). The French Historical Revolution: The “Annales” School, 1929-1989. Imprenta Polity, Cambridge.
Calvin, W. (2008). Global Fever: How to Treat Climate Change. Imprenta de la Universidad de Chicago, Chicago.
Childe, V. G. (1941). Man Makes Himself. Nueva Librería Americana, Nueva York.
Collingwood, R. (1976). The Idea of History. Imprenta de la Universidad de Oxford, Oxford.
Croce, B. (1913). The Philosophy of Giambattista Vico. Howard Latimer, Londres.
Crosby, A. (1995). The Past and Present of Environmental History, American Historical Review. 100: pp. 1177-1189.
Crosby, A. (2003). The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492. Praeger, Londres.
Crutzen, P. Geology of Mankind, Nature. 3: pp. 23.
Crutzen, P. y Steffen, W. (2003). How Long Have We Been in the Anthropocene Era?, Climatic Change. 61: pp. 251-257.
Crutzen, P. y Stoermer, E. (2000). The Anthropocene, International Geospehere-Biosphere Programme Newsletter. 41: pp. 17-18.
Davis, M. (2008). Living on the Ice Shelf: Humanity’s Meltdown, URL: tomdispatch.com/post/174949
Derrida, J. (1989). Cogito e historia de la locura, en: Derrida, J. La escritura y la diferencia. Anthropos, Barcelona.
Dodds W. (2008). Humanity's Footprint Momentum, Impact, and Our Global Environment. Imprenta de la Universidad de Columbia, Nueva York.
Emnarth, M. (1978). Wilhelm Dilthey: The Critique of Historical Reason. Imprenta de la Universidad de Chicago, Chicago.
Flannery T. (2005). The Weather Makers: The History and Future lmpact of Climate Change. Text Publishing, Sydney.
Foucault, M. (1973). The Order of Things: An Archaeology of Human Knowledge. Vintage, Nueva York.
Gadamer, H. G. (1988). Truth and Method. Progress, Londres.
Geyer, M. y Bright C. (1995). World History in a Global Age, American Historical Review. 4: pp. 1058-1059.
Hansen, J. (2007). Climate Catastrophe, New Scientist. 2614: pp. 30-34.
Hansen, J., Sato, M., Kharecha, P., Russel, G., Lea, D. y Siddall, M. (2007). Climate Change and Trace Gases, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 365: pp. 1925-1954.
Hansen, J. et al. (2007), “Dangerous Human-Made lnterference with Climate: A GISS Model E Study”, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 9: pp. 2287-2312.
Knauer, K. (2007). Global Warming: The Causes, The Perils, The Solutions, The Actions: What Can I Do. Time Inc., Nueva York.
Kothari, A. (2007). The Reality of Climate lnjustice, The Hindu. URL: http://www.hinduonnetcom/thehindu/mag/2007/11/18/stories/20071118500201OO.htm
Latour, B. (2004). Politics of Nature: How to bring the Sciences into Democracy, trad. Imprenta de la Universidad de Harvard, Harvard.
Lynas, M. (2008). Six Degrees: Our Future on a Hotter Planet. Libros de National Geographic, Washington D.C.
Marx, K. (1969). The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, en: Marx, K. y Engels, F., Selected Works. Editorial Progreso, Moscú.
Maslin, M. (2004). Global Warming: A Very Short lntroduction. Imprenta de la Universidad de Oxford, Oxford.
McKibben, B. (2006). The End of Nature. Random House, Nueva York.
Miller, C. (1993). Giambattista Vico: imagination and Historical Knowledge. Springer, Boston.
Mitchell, T. (2011). Carbon democracy: Political power in the age of oil. Verso, Londres.
Morrison, J. C. (1978). Vico's Principle of Verum is Factum and the Problem of Historicism, Jounal of the History of Ideas. 39: pp. 579-595.
Oreskes, N. (2007). The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change: How Do We Know We're Not Wrong?, en: Dimento, J. y Doughman, P. (eds.), Climate Change: What It Means for Us, Our Children, and Our Grandchildren, pp. 73-74. Imprenta del MIT, Massachusetts.
Pomeranz, K. (2000). The Great Divergence: Europe, China, and the Making of the Modem World Economy. Imprenta de la Universidad de Princeton, Nueva Jersey.
Roberts, D. (1987). Benedetto Croce and the Uses of Historicism. Imprenta de la Universidad de California, Berkeley.
Robin, L. y Steffen, W. (2007). History for the Anthropocene, History Compass. 5:pp. 1694 –1719.
Rossi, P. (1984). The Dark Abyss of Time: The History of the Earth and the History of Nations from Hooke to Vico. Imprenta de la Universidad de Chicago, Chicago.
Ruddiman, W. F (2003). The Anthropogenic Greenhouse Era Began Thousands of Years Ago, Climatic Change. 61 (3): pp. 261:93.
Sachs, J. (2008). Common Wealth: Economics for a Crowded Planet. Penguin, Nueva York.
Shubin, N. (2008). The Disappearance of Species, Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 61: pp. 17- 19.
Smail, D. (2008). On Deep History and the Brain. Imprenta de la Universidad de California, Berkeley.
Smith, B. (1995). Gender and the Practices of Scientific History: The Seminar and Archival Research in the Nineteenth Century, American Historical Review. 100: pp. 1150-1176.
Stalin, J. (1938). Dialectical and Historical Materialism. URL: www.marxists.org/ reference/archive/stalin/works/1938/09.htm
Steffen, W. (2008). En Humans Creating New ‘Geological Age, The Australian, URL: www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,,23458148-5006787,00.html
Stern, N. (2007). The Economics of Climate Change: The Stem Review. Imprenta de la Universidad de Cambridge, Cambridge.
Straus, L. G. (1996). The World at the End of the Last Ice Age, en: Straus, L. G. (ed.) Humans at the End of the Ice Age: The Archaeology of the Pleistocene-Holocene Transition, pp. 3-9, Springer, Boston.
Thompson, E. P. (1963). The Making of the English Working Class. Penguin, Londres.
Tudge, C. (1999). Neanderthals, Bandits, and Farmers: How Agriculture Really Began. Imprenta de la Universidad de Yale, Connecticut.
Weisman, A. (2008). The world without us. Macmillan, Estados Unidos de América.
Wilson, E. (1996). In Search of Nature. Imprenta Island, Washington.
Wilson, E. (2008). Prólogo, en: Sachs, J. (2008). Common Wealth: Economics for a Crowded Planet, p. 12, Penguin, Nueva York.
Zagorin, P. (1984). Vico's Theory of Knowledge: A Critique, Philosophical Quarterly. 34: pp. 15-30.
Zalasiewicz, J. et al.(2008). “Are We Now Living in the Anthropocene?”, GSA Today. 18: pp. 4–8.
