Detección, cuantificación y caracterización rápida de microplásticos: Comparación de dos métodos

• Eduardo Abiv Flores Acosta Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4278-913X
• José Luis Hernández Mendoza Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1233-0133
• Cristian Lizarazo Ortega Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0010-9386
• Ana Verónica Martínez Vázquez Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6144-5439
• Jesús Di Carlo Quiroz Velásquez Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6021-0427
• Israel García León Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7876-1219

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14600190

Palabras clave: Degradación de plásticos, Comparacion de métodos, Cuantificación de particulas, Observación por fluorescencia

Resumen

La contaminación por microplásticos es un problema que afecta la salud humana y los ecosistemas. Estos diminutos fragmentos plásticos se acumulan en los tejidos de los organismos y pueden ingresar a la cadena alimentaria, llegando hasta el ser humano. Este estudio se centró en desarrollar, optimizar y comparar 2 métodos para detectar y cuantificar micropartículas de plástico en tejidos sintéticos y de algodón. Se emplearon tratamientos químicos y filtración para aislar las partículas, y se utilizó una cámara de Neubauer y la microscopia de fluorescencia para su visualización y conteo. Los resultados mostraron que la combinación de agua oxigenada y calor fue la más efectiva para purificar y visualizar las partículas, mientras que el sulfato ferroso dificultó su detección debido a la formación de flóculos. Estos hallazgos son relevantes para futuras investigaciones y para el desarrollo de estrategias de monitoreo y mitigación de la contaminación por microplásticos.

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