Nutritional evaluation of type 2 diabetic adults prior to dietary treatment in the outpatient clinic

• Patricia Becerra Perdomo Faculty of Medicine, Doctorate in Health Sciences. Division of Graduate Studies
• Hazel Ester Anderson Vásquez Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética. Venezuela

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/10.5281/zenodo.17979757

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, nutritional status, nutritional assessment, 24-hour history, metabolic profile

Abstract

Diabetes is a chronic non-communicable disease, the main risk factor for which is obesity, which can lead to long-term macro- and microvascular
complications. The objective of this study was to characterize the comprehensive nutritional status upon admission to the outpatient nutrition clinic.
The sample consisted of 80 adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who underwent anthropometric measurements (weight, height, BMI), biochemical measurements (metabolic and lipid profile), and dietary measurements (24-hour history). Student’s t-tests, chi-square tests, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient (p < 0.05) were used for statistical analysis. The highest prevalence was observed in women, aged 50-59 years, with a BMI of 31.61 ± 5.44 kg/
m2. Regarding the metabolic profile, blood glucose was 164.4 ± 67.9 mg/dl and HbA1c was 10.7 ± 1.7. The percentage of adequacy of the consumed diet
was high in calories, fat, and carbohydrates. A correlation was found between BMI and calories and carbohydrates (r = 0.438; p = 0.000), and between
cholesterol and carbohydrates (r = 0.318; p = 0.004). It is concluded that these subjects with T2DM presented malnutrition due to excess, with metabolic
imbalance associated with high consumption of fats and carbohydrates, which justified their nutritional intervention.

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