CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL EN PACIENTES SOMETIDOS A CIRUGÍA BARIÁTRICA / Characterization of patients submitted to bariatric surgery

• William Plua Universidad Estatal de Guayaquil
• Marilin García Universidad Técnica de Manta
• Johanna Alcívar Universidad Técnica de Manabí
• Hazel Anderson Universidad del Zulia

Abstract

RESUMEN

La obesidad es un problema de salud pública cuyo tratamiento incluye desde el manejo de conductas para la adquisición de un estilo de vida saludable hasta los fármacos, nutrientes y opciones quirúrgicas. La cirugía bariátrica ha demostrado ser el único tratamiento para la obesidad severa que disminuye el riesgo de padecer comorbilidades y permite la reintegración del paciente a la vida social, laboral y familiar. El presente trabajo de tipo descriptivo, transversal, observacional no experimental, se realizó en la consulta de cirugía bariátrica en el Hospital Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo de Guayaquil, Ecuador, con el objetivo de caracterizar el estado nutricional de acuerdo al IMC a los pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica. Se tomó el peso corporal, talla e IMC. Para el análisis: chi cuadrado de Pearson y t de student (SPSS 20). Se evaluaron 100 sujetos, 21 hombres y 79 mujeres con 41±11 años de edad, con cirugías= 97% Gastrectomía en manga y 3% Bypass gástrico; e IMC de 44,68±9,15 kg/m2. En cuanto al diagnóstico del estado nutricional se evidenció Sobrepeso (4%), Obesidad I (5%),obesidad II (18%), obesidad III (52%), superobesidad (14%) y supersuper obesidad (7%). La obesidad fue más frecuente en las mujeres adultas jóvenes y de mediana edad y la cirugía más practicada fue la gastrectomía en manga. Se concluye que la caracterización es útil para identificar el tipo de paciente, el estado nutricional y la cirugía realizada.

ABSTRACT

Obesity is a public health problem whose treatment includes from the management of behaviors for the acquisition of a healthy lifestyle to drugs, nutrients and surgical options. Bariatric surgery has proven to be the only treatment for severe obesity that decreases the risk of comorbidities and allows the reintegration of the patient into social, work and family life. The present descriptive, cross-sectional, non-experimental observational work was carried out in the bariatric surgery consultation at the Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital in Guayaquil, Ecuador, with the objective of characterizing the nutritional status according to the BMI to the patients submitted to bariatric surgery. Body weight, height and BMI were taken. For the analysis: Pearson’s chi square and student’s t (SPSS 20). 100 subjects, 21 men and 79 women with 41 ± 11 years of age, with surgeries = 97% Sleeve Gastrectomy and 3% Gastric Bypass were evaluated; and BMI of 44.68 ± 9.15 kg / m2. Regarding the diagnosis of nutritional status, it was evidenced Overweight (4%), Obesity I (5%), obesity II (18%), obesity III (52%), superobesity (14%) and super obesity (7%). Obesity was more frequent in young and middle-aged adult women and the most practiced surgery was sleeve gastrectomy. It is concluded that the characterization is useful to identify the type of patient, nutritional status and surgery performed

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