ESTUDIO COMPARATIVO DE LA EVOLUCIÓN Y COMPLICACIONES EN QUEMADURAS ELÉCTRICAS E ÍGNEAS / Comparative study of the evolution and complications in electrical and igneous burns

• Fernando Guzmán Universidad del Zulia
• César Oliveros Universidad del Zulia

Palabras clave: quemaduras, eléctricas, ígneas, complicaciones, superficie, burns, electrical, igneous, complications, surface.

Resumen

RESUMEN

Se comparó la evolución y complicaciones en quemaduras eléctricas e ígneas en pacientes atendidos en un hospital universitario de la ciudad de Maracaibo. La investigación fue de tipo descriptivo, exploratorio, realizada con un diseño longitudinal, prospectivo, que incluyó un total de 50 pacientes quemados, 25 pacientes con quemaduras eléctricas y 25 por quemaduras ígneas que se utilizaron como control ingresados en el Servicio de Cirugía Plástica, Reconstructiva y Maxilofacial entre 01 de enero de 2015 al 30 de junio de 2017. El porcentaje de superficie corporal quemada en los pacientes con quemaduras eléctricas fue de 15,32 +/- 10,63% y en los pacientes con quemaduras ígneas de 23,72 +/- 16,29%, con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre ambos grupos (p: 0,017<0,05). Al evaluar las complicaciones en los pacientes con quemaduras eléctricas e ígneas, se observó un mayor número de complicaciones en los pacientes con quemaduras eléctricas, con un total de 12 complicaciones en pacientes con quemaduras eléctricas y tres complicaciones en los pacientes con quemaduras ígneas (p: 0,0037<0,05). Las quemaduras eléctricas al compararla con las quemaduras ígneas se asocian a una mayor morbilidad, y es necesaria una vigilancia estricta en estos pacientes.

ABSTRACT

The evolution and complications of electric and igneous burns were compared in patients treated at a university hospital in the city of Maracaibo. The investigation was descriptive, exploratory, made with a longitudinal, prospective design, that included a total of 50 burned patients, 25 patients with electrical burns and 25 with igneous burns that were used like control entered in the Surgery, Reconstructive and Maxillofacial Service of the University Hospital from Maracaibo between 01 of January from 2015 to the 30 of June of 2017. The percentage of burned corporal surface in the patients with electrical burns was of 15, 32 + / - 10, 63% and in the patients with igneous burns of 23, 72 + / - 16, 29%, with a statistically significant difference between both groups (p: 0,017<0,05). When evaluating the complications in the patients with electrical and igneous burns, were observed a greater number of complications in the patients with electrical burns, with a total of 12 complications in patients with electrical burns and 3 complications in patients with igneous burns (p: 0.0037 <0.05). The electrical complications when comparing it with the igneous burns are accompanied by a greater morbidity, and is necessary a strict monitoring in the patients who present these injuries. Electrical burns, when compared to igneous burns, are associated with increased morbidity, and strict monitoring is necessary in these patients.

Citas

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