Hacia sistemas inteligentes descentralizados: Evidencia bibliométrica sobre blockchain y agentes de inteligencia artificial
Palabras clave:
Blockchain, agentes de inteligencia artificial, sistemas multiagente, contratos inteligentes, análisis bibliométrico
Resumen
La convergencia entre la tecnología blockchain y los agentes de inteligencia artificial constituye una de las fronteras más dinámicas de transformación digital contemporánea. Esta integración promete sistemas autónomos, descentralizados y verificables capaces de operar sin intermediarios en dominios como finanzas descentralizadas, cadenas de suministro inteligentes, gobernanza algorítmica y el Internet de las Cosas. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo mapear la producción científica sobre la intersección entre blockchain y agentes de Inteligencia Artificial a fin de identificar patrones de publicación, dinámicas de colaboración y criterios característicos del campo emergente. Se aplicó un enfoque bibliométrico sobre un corpus de 160 documentos publicados entre 2024 y 2025, recuperados de Scopus y Web of Science, procesados con el paquete Bibliometrix (R) y la herramienta VOSviewer. Los resultados muestran una tasa de crecimiento anual del 371,43%, fuerte concentración geográfica liderada por India, Reino Unido y Australia, elevada coautoría internacional (45,62%) y distribución de productividad consistente con la ley de Lotka. Asimismo, a partir del análisis de coocurrencia se proponen seis criterios característicos de la integración. Se concluye que el campo se encuentra en una fase fundacional de rápida expansión, dominada por contribuciones aplicadas y por una red de colaboración internacional aún en formación.
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Citas
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Armbrust, M., Fox, A., Griffith, R., Joseph, A. D., Katz, R., Konwinski, A., Lee, G., Patterson, D., Rabkin, A., Stoica, I., y Zaharia, M. (2010). A view of cloud computing. Communications of the ACM, 53(4), 50-58. https://doi.org/10.1145/1721654.1721672
Brennan, N. M., Subramaniam, N., y Van Staden, C. J. (2019). Corporate governance implications of disruptive technology: An overview. The British Accounting Review, 51(6), 100860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2019.100860
Buterin, V. (2014). A next-generation smart contract and decentralized application platform. Ethereum White Paper. https://ethereum.org/content/whitepaper/whitepaper-pdf/Ethereum_Whitepaper_-_Buterin_2014.pdf
Calvaresi, D., Dubovitskaya, A., Calbimonte, J. P., Taveter, K., y Schumacher, M. (2018). Multi-agent systems and blockchain: Results from a systematic literature review. In Y. Demazeau, B. An, J. Bajo y A. Fernández-Caballero (Eds.), Advances in Practical Applications of Agents, Multi-Agent Systems, and Complexity: The PAAMS Collection. PAAMS 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Vol. 10978, pp. 110-126). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94580-4_9
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Christidis, K., y Devetsikiotis, M. (2016). Blockchains and smart contracts for the Internet of Things. IEEE Access, 4, 2292–2303. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2566339
Dai, J., y Vasarhelyi, M. A. (2017). Toward blockchain-based accounting and assurance. Journal of Information Systems, 31(3), 5-21. https://doi.org/10.2308/isys-51804
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Gomber, P., Kauffman, R. J., Parker, C., y Weber, B. W. (2018). On the fintech revolution: Interpreting the forces of innovation, disruption, and transformation in financial services. Journal of Management Information Systems, 35(1), 220-265. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2018.1440766
Gupta, M., Walp, J., y Sharman, R. (2025). Advancing IT audits through integrative approaches and emerging technologies. IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-3078-5
Jennings, N. R. (2001). An agent-based approach for building complex software systems. Communications of the ACM, 44(4), 35-41. https://doi.org/10.1145/367211.367250
Khan, A. A., Laghari, A. A., Shaikh, Z. A., Dacko-Pikiewicz, Z., y Kot, S. (2022). Internet of Things (IoT) security with blockchain technology: A state-of-the-art review. IEEE Access, 10, 122679-122695. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3223370
Kshetri, N. (2017). Blockchain’s roles in strengthening cybersecurity and protecting privacy. Telecommunications Policy, 41(10), 1027-1038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2017.09.003
López, A. J., Puris, A. Y., Zhuma, R., y Oviedo, B. (2021). Blockchain: Medio de seguridad, reducción de costos e identificación de errores para organizaciones ecuatorianas. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVII(E-3), 219-233. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v27i.36504
Lu, Y., Huang, X., Dai, Y., Maharjan, S., y Zhang, Y. (2020). Blockchain and federated learning for privacy-preserved data sharing in industrial IoT. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 16(6), 4177-4186. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2019.2942190
Mukkamala, R. R., Vatrapu, R., Ray, P. K., Sengupta, G., y Halder, S. (2018). Blockchain for social business: Principles and applications. IEEE Engineering Management Review, 46(4), 94-99. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMR.2018.2881149
Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf
Nnenna, B. (2025). AI-Driven Risk Management: Strengthening Cybersecurity and Market Stability in the US Financial Sector. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 28(1), 1967-1976. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2025.28.1.3647
Park, J. S., O’Brien, J., Cai, C. J., Morris, M. R., Liang, P., y Bernstein, M. S. (2023). Generative agents: Interactive simulacra of human behavior. UIST ‘23: Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, 2, https://doi.org/10.1145/3586183.3606763
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Popova, Y., y Popovs, S. (2022). Impact of smart economy on smart areas and mediation effect of national economy. Sustainability, 14(5), 2789. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052789
Pradhan, D., Rajeswari, Tun, H. M., Wah, N. K. S., y Oo, T. (Eds.) (2023). 5G green communication networks for smart cities. Apple Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003560357
Raza, H., Riaz, A., Riaz, N., y Ramakrishnan, S. (Eds.) (2025). Algorithmic training, future markets, and big data for finance digitalization. Business Science Reference.
Romanosky, S., Ablon, L., Kuehn, A., y Joner, T. (2019). Cyber insurance and the security quality of organizations. Journal of Cybersecurity, 5(1), tyz002. https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyz002
Russell, S. J., y Norvig, P. (2021). Artificial intelligence: A modern approach. Pearson.
Salah, K., Rehman, M. H. U., Nizamuddin, N., y Al-Fuqaha, A. (2019). Blockchain for AI: Review and open research challenges. IEEE Access, 7, 10127-10149. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2890507
Saleh, F. (2021). Blockchain without waste: Proof-of-stake. The Review of Financial Studies, 34(3), 1156-1190. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhaa075
Sharma, M., Jain, N. L., y Purohit, J. K. (2023). A Review of Circular Economy in Manufacturing Sector. NeuroQuantology, 20(10), 9105-9112. https://www.neuroquantology.com/open-access/A+Review+of+Circular+Economy+in++Manufacturing+Sector_7974/
Srivastava, P., Choudhary, R. R., Khatri, M., Pandey, V., Srivastava, A., y Cengiz, K. (2025). Optimizing Product Development with Digital Twins and IoT Integration. In U. Mamodiya, A. Kalam, Y. Hu, y D. Goyal (Eds.), Accelerating product development cycles with digital twins and IoT integration (pp. 255-278). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-2028-1.ch013
Srivastava, R. (2025). ABCD tech: Revolutionizing business with artificial intelligence, blockchain, cloud computing, and data analytics. Springer.
Strong, C., Martin, B., y Chrysochou, P. (Eds.) (2024). Advances in blockchain research and cryptocurrency behaviour. De Gruyter.
Swan, M. (2015). Blockchain: Blueprint for a new economy. O’Reilly Media.
Tapscott, D., y Tapscott, A. (2016). Blockchain revolution: How the technology behind bitcoin is changing money, business, and the world. Penguin.
Travassos, A., y Boechat, A. C. (Eds.) (2025). Adapting global communication and marketing strategies to generative AI. IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-2502-6
Truby, J. (2018). Decarbonizing Bitcoin: Law and policy choices for reducing the energy consumption of blockchain technologies and digital currencies. Energy Research & Social Science, 44, 399-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2018.06.009
Van Eck, N. J., y Waltman, L. (2010). Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics, 84(2), 523-538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3
Wang, S., Ouyang, L., Yuan, Y., Ni, X., Han, X., y Wang, F.-Y. (2019). Blockchain-enabled smart contracts: Architecture, applications, and future trends. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, 49(11), 2266-2277. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2019.2895123
Werbach, K. (2018). The blockchain and the new architecture of trust. MIT Press.
Wisniewski, H. S. (2025). Global Supply Chains in the Age of AI: Strategies and Emerging Technologies. World Scientific Publishing Co.
Wooldridge, M. (2009). An introduction to multiagent systems. John Wiley & Sons.
Wooldridge, M., y Jennings, N. R. (1995). Intelligent agents: Theory and practice. The Knowledge Engineering Review, 10(2), 115-152. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269888900008122
Xi, Z., Chen, W., Guo, X., He, W., Ding, Y., Hong, B., Zhang, M., Wang, J., Jin, S., Zhou, E., Zheng, R., Fan, X., Wang, X., Xiong, L., Zhou, Y., Wang, W., Jiang, C., Zou, Y., Liu, X.,... Gui, T. (2023). The rise and potential of large language model based agents: A survey. arXiv:2309.07864. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2309.07864
Xu, X., Weber, I., y Staples, M. (2019). Architecture for blockchain applications. Springer.
Yli-Huumo, J., Ko, D., Choi, S., Park, S., y Smolander, K. (2016). Where is current research on blockchain technology? A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 11(10), e0163477. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0163477
Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.-N., Chen, X., y Wang, H. (2018). Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International Journal of Web and Grid Services, 14(4), 352-375. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWGS.2018.095647
Zhu, Q., Loke, S. W., Trujillo-Rasua, R., Jiang, F., y Xiang, Y. (2019). Applications of distributed ledger technologies to the Internet of Things: A survey. ACM Computing Surveys, 52(6), 120. https://doi.org/10.1145/3359982
Ante, L. (2020). A place next to Satoshi: Foundations of blockchain and cryptocurrency research in business and economics. Scientometrics, 124(2), 1305-1333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03492-8
Aria, M., y Cuccurullo, C. (2017). bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. Journal of Informetrics, 11(4), 959-975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007
Armbrust, M., Fox, A., Griffith, R., Joseph, A. D., Katz, R., Konwinski, A., Lee, G., Patterson, D., Rabkin, A., Stoica, I., y Zaharia, M. (2010). A view of cloud computing. Communications of the ACM, 53(4), 50-58. https://doi.org/10.1145/1721654.1721672
Brennan, N. M., Subramaniam, N., y Van Staden, C. J. (2019). Corporate governance implications of disruptive technology: An overview. The British Accounting Review, 51(6), 100860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2019.100860
Buterin, V. (2014). A next-generation smart contract and decentralized application platform. Ethereum White Paper. https://ethereum.org/content/whitepaper/whitepaper-pdf/Ethereum_Whitepaper_-_Buterin_2014.pdf
Calvaresi, D., Dubovitskaya, A., Calbimonte, J. P., Taveter, K., y Schumacher, M. (2018). Multi-agent systems and blockchain: Results from a systematic literature review. In Y. Demazeau, B. An, J. Bajo y A. Fernández-Caballero (Eds.), Advances in Practical Applications of Agents, Multi-Agent Systems, and Complexity: The PAAMS Collection. PAAMS 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Vol. 10978, pp. 110-126). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94580-4_9
Chang, V., Baudier, P., Zhang, H., Xu, Q., Zhang, J., y Arami, M. (2020). How Blockchain can impact financial services – The overview, challenges and recommendations from expert interviewees. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 158, 120166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120166
Christidis, K., y Devetsikiotis, M. (2016). Blockchains and smart contracts for the Internet of Things. IEEE Access, 4, 2292–2303. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2566339
Dai, J., y Vasarhelyi, M. A. (2017). Toward blockchain-based accounting and assurance. Journal of Information Systems, 31(3), 5-21. https://doi.org/10.2308/isys-51804
Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., y Lim, W. M. (2021). How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 133, 285-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.070
Fama, E. F., y French, K. R. (1993). Common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds. Journal of Financial Economics, 33(1), 3-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(93)90023-5
Ferrag, M. A., Shu, L., Yang, X., Derhab, A., y Maglaras, L. (2020). Security and privacy for green IoT-based agriculture: Review, blockchain solutions, and challenges. IEEE Access, 8, 32031-32053. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2973178
Gomber, P., Kauffman, R. J., Parker, C., y Weber, B. W. (2018). On the fintech revolution: Interpreting the forces of innovation, disruption, and transformation in financial services. Journal of Management Information Systems, 35(1), 220-265. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2018.1440766
Gupta, M., Walp, J., y Sharman, R. (2025). Advancing IT audits through integrative approaches and emerging technologies. IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-3078-5
Jennings, N. R. (2001). An agent-based approach for building complex software systems. Communications of the ACM, 44(4), 35-41. https://doi.org/10.1145/367211.367250
Khan, A. A., Laghari, A. A., Shaikh, Z. A., Dacko-Pikiewicz, Z., y Kot, S. (2022). Internet of Things (IoT) security with blockchain technology: A state-of-the-art review. IEEE Access, 10, 122679-122695. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3223370
Kshetri, N. (2017). Blockchain’s roles in strengthening cybersecurity and protecting privacy. Telecommunications Policy, 41(10), 1027-1038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2017.09.003
López, A. J., Puris, A. Y., Zhuma, R., y Oviedo, B. (2021). Blockchain: Medio de seguridad, reducción de costos e identificación de errores para organizaciones ecuatorianas. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVII(E-3), 219-233. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v27i.36504
Lu, Y., Huang, X., Dai, Y., Maharjan, S., y Zhang, Y. (2020). Blockchain and federated learning for privacy-preserved data sharing in industrial IoT. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 16(6), 4177-4186. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2019.2942190
Mukkamala, R. R., Vatrapu, R., Ray, P. K., Sengupta, G., y Halder, S. (2018). Blockchain for social business: Principles and applications. IEEE Engineering Management Review, 46(4), 94-99. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMR.2018.2881149
Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf
Nnenna, B. (2025). AI-Driven Risk Management: Strengthening Cybersecurity and Market Stability in the US Financial Sector. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 28(1), 1967-1976. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2025.28.1.3647
Park, J. S., O’Brien, J., Cai, C. J., Morris, M. R., Liang, P., y Bernstein, M. S. (2023). Generative agents: Interactive simulacra of human behavior. UIST ‘23: Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, 2, https://doi.org/10.1145/3586183.3606763
Popkova, E. G., Makarenko, E. N., Vovchenko, N. G., y Andreeva, O. V. (Eds.) (2025). Advances in entrepreneurial economics and sustainable development (Vol. 3): Sustainable Development of the Green Entrepreneurial Economy. World Scientific.
Popova, Y., y Popovs, S. (2022). Impact of smart economy on smart areas and mediation effect of national economy. Sustainability, 14(5), 2789. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052789
Pradhan, D., Rajeswari, Tun, H. M., Wah, N. K. S., y Oo, T. (Eds.) (2023). 5G green communication networks for smart cities. Apple Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003560357
Raza, H., Riaz, A., Riaz, N., y Ramakrishnan, S. (Eds.) (2025). Algorithmic training, future markets, and big data for finance digitalization. Business Science Reference.
Romanosky, S., Ablon, L., Kuehn, A., y Joner, T. (2019). Cyber insurance and the security quality of organizations. Journal of Cybersecurity, 5(1), tyz002. https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyz002
Russell, S. J., y Norvig, P. (2021). Artificial intelligence: A modern approach. Pearson.
Salah, K., Rehman, M. H. U., Nizamuddin, N., y Al-Fuqaha, A. (2019). Blockchain for AI: Review and open research challenges. IEEE Access, 7, 10127-10149. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2890507
Saleh, F. (2021). Blockchain without waste: Proof-of-stake. The Review of Financial Studies, 34(3), 1156-1190. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhaa075
Sharma, M., Jain, N. L., y Purohit, J. K. (2023). A Review of Circular Economy in Manufacturing Sector. NeuroQuantology, 20(10), 9105-9112. https://www.neuroquantology.com/open-access/A+Review+of+Circular+Economy+in++Manufacturing+Sector_7974/
Srivastava, P., Choudhary, R. R., Khatri, M., Pandey, V., Srivastava, A., y Cengiz, K. (2025). Optimizing Product Development with Digital Twins and IoT Integration. In U. Mamodiya, A. Kalam, Y. Hu, y D. Goyal (Eds.), Accelerating product development cycles with digital twins and IoT integration (pp. 255-278). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-2028-1.ch013
Srivastava, R. (2025). ABCD tech: Revolutionizing business with artificial intelligence, blockchain, cloud computing, and data analytics. Springer.
Strong, C., Martin, B., y Chrysochou, P. (Eds.) (2024). Advances in blockchain research and cryptocurrency behaviour. De Gruyter.
Swan, M. (2015). Blockchain: Blueprint for a new economy. O’Reilly Media.
Tapscott, D., y Tapscott, A. (2016). Blockchain revolution: How the technology behind bitcoin is changing money, business, and the world. Penguin.
Travassos, A., y Boechat, A. C. (Eds.) (2025). Adapting global communication and marketing strategies to generative AI. IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-2502-6
Truby, J. (2018). Decarbonizing Bitcoin: Law and policy choices for reducing the energy consumption of blockchain technologies and digital currencies. Energy Research & Social Science, 44, 399-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2018.06.009
Van Eck, N. J., y Waltman, L. (2010). Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics, 84(2), 523-538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3
Wang, S., Ouyang, L., Yuan, Y., Ni, X., Han, X., y Wang, F.-Y. (2019). Blockchain-enabled smart contracts: Architecture, applications, and future trends. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, 49(11), 2266-2277. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2019.2895123
Werbach, K. (2018). The blockchain and the new architecture of trust. MIT Press.
Wisniewski, H. S. (2025). Global Supply Chains in the Age of AI: Strategies and Emerging Technologies. World Scientific Publishing Co.
Wooldridge, M. (2009). An introduction to multiagent systems. John Wiley & Sons.
Wooldridge, M., y Jennings, N. R. (1995). Intelligent agents: Theory and practice. The Knowledge Engineering Review, 10(2), 115-152. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269888900008122
Xi, Z., Chen, W., Guo, X., He, W., Ding, Y., Hong, B., Zhang, M., Wang, J., Jin, S., Zhou, E., Zheng, R., Fan, X., Wang, X., Xiong, L., Zhou, Y., Wang, W., Jiang, C., Zou, Y., Liu, X.,... Gui, T. (2023). The rise and potential of large language model based agents: A survey. arXiv:2309.07864. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2309.07864
Xu, X., Weber, I., y Staples, M. (2019). Architecture for blockchain applications. Springer.
Yli-Huumo, J., Ko, D., Choi, S., Park, S., y Smolander, K. (2016). Where is current research on blockchain technology? A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 11(10), e0163477. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0163477
Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.-N., Chen, X., y Wang, H. (2018). Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International Journal of Web and Grid Services, 14(4), 352-375. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWGS.2018.095647
Zhu, Q., Loke, S. W., Trujillo-Rasua, R., Jiang, F., y Xiang, Y. (2019). Applications of distributed ledger technologies to the Internet of Things: A survey. ACM Computing Surveys, 52(6), 120. https://doi.org/10.1145/3359982
Publicado
2026-08-21
Cómo citar
Terán-Rosero, G. (2026). Hacia sistemas inteligentes descentralizados: Evidencia bibliométrica sobre blockchain y agentes de inteligencia artificial. Revista De Ciencias Sociales, 32(3), 258-275. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v32i3.46088
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