Desafíos teórico-normativos de la seguridad global: Armas autónomas, inteligencia artificial y ciberguerra
Palabras clave:
Relaciones internacionales, inteligencia artificial, armas autónomas, ciberguerra, orden jurídico internacional
Resumen
La Revolución 4.0, caracterizada por la inteligencia artificial, los sistemas autónomos y las capacidades cibernéticas, genera tensiones profundas en el derecho internacional y la seguridad global. Este artículo examina críticamente los principales enfoques teóricos de las Relaciones Internacionales, realismo, liberalismo institucional, constructivismo, marxismo, teoría crítica e internacionalismo sociológico, para evaluar su capacidad explicativa y normativa frente a la regulación de tecnologías emergentes. Metodológicamente, se adopta un paradigma crítico con posicionamiento epistemológico racionalista-idealista, combinando un enfoque cualitativo-explicativo en tres fases: Revisión documental (2016–2024), análisis teórico-crítico de los supuestos ontológicos y normativos de cada enfoque, y síntesis normativa de orientación crítica. Los hallazgos revelan que el realismo, desde su estatocentrismo, interpreta la innovación tecnológica como extensión de la competencia de poder entre Estados; el liberalismo institucional pondera la cooperación internacional mediante regímenes e instituciones multilaterales; y el constructivismo subraya el papel de normas e identidades en la configuración de la gobernanza digital. No obstante, la teoría crítica emerge como el marco más pertinente al cuestionar las estructuras de poder global, visibilizar las voces del Sur Global y proponer un derecho internacional orientado a la justicia y la dignidad humana en la era digital.
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Habermas, J. (2002). The Inclusion of the Other: Studies in Political Theory. Polity Press.
Herrera, R. (2023). El paradigma de los derechos humanos como base para una regulación de la inteligencia artificial global. Universos Jurídicos, 21(21), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.25009/uj.v21i21.2663
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Keohane, R. O., y Nye, J. S. (2011). Power and interdependence. Pearson Education.
Kluczewska, K. (2024). Post-Soviet power hierarchies in the making: Postcolonialism in Tajikistan’s relations with Russia. Review of International Studies, 50(4), 777-797. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210524000287
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Lama, S. (2024). Transformative International Relations Theory of Robert W. Cox. GS WOW: Wisdom of Worthy Research Journal, 2(1), 35-52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12605241
Lapid, Y. (1989). The Third Debate: On the Prospects of International Theory in a Post-Positivist Era. International Studies Quarterly, 33(3), 235-254. https://doi.org/10.2307/2600457
Linklater, A. (1986). Realism, Marxism and critical international theory. Review of International Studies, 12(4), 301-312. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210500113865
Little, R. (2007). The Balance of Power in International Relations: Metaphors, Myths and Models. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511816635.007
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Mukhopadhyay, A. (2023). Positivist and Political-Economic Theories of International Relations: Liberal-Pluralist and Radical Dimensions. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003451624
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Publicado
2026-07-06
Cómo citar
Aponte-Garcia, M. S., Arévalo-Robles, G. A., & Romero-Sánchez, A. (2026). Desafíos teórico-normativos de la seguridad global: Armas autónomas, inteligencia artificial y ciberguerra. Revista De Ciencias Sociales, 32, 655-669. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v32i.45860
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