Validación de una escala multidimensional para medir competencias emprendedoras en estudiantes de Licenciatura en Economía
Palabras clave:
Competencias emprendedoras, licenciatura en economía, validez, confiabilidad, análisis factorial
Resumen
El modelo educativo basado en competencias requiere sistemas de evaluación que demuestren la adquisición y aplicación de conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes en contextos reales. El objetivo de este estudio fue validar una escala multidimensional para medir competencias emprendedoras en estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Economía. Se elaboró un instrumento de 60 ítems, sustentado en una revisión teórica y organizado en cinco dimensiones: Conocimientos empresariales, competencias emprendedoras, actitudes y valores, competencias digitales y experiencia práctica. La investigación se desarrolló bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, con diseño transversal e instrumental y una muestra de 193 estudiantes. Como resultado el análisis factorial confirmó una estructura pentafactorial; 10 ítems presentaron cargas factoriales superiores a 0.90. El instrumento evidenció alta consistencia interna (α=0.936), así como adecuados índices de validez y confiabilidad. En conclusión, las dimensiones propuestas se articulan coherentemente y por tanto, el instrumento logra medir de manera integrada conocimientos, habilidades, actitudes y experiencias vinculadas con la formación profesional de un economista.
Descargas
La descarga de datos todavía no está disponible.
Citas
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Alda-Varas, R., Villardón-Gallego, L., y Elexpuru-Albizuri, I. (2012). Propuesta y validación de un perfil de competencias de la persona emprendedora. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 10(28), 1057-1080. https://doi.org/10.25115/ejrep.v10i28.1549
Ardichvili, A., Cardozo, R., y Ray, S. (2003). A theory of entrepreneurial opportunity identification and development. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(1), 105-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(01)00068-4
Bateman, T. S., y Crant, J. M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behavior: A measure and correlates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14(2), 103-118. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030140202
Bernadó, E., y Bratzke, F. (2024). Revisiting EntreComp through a systematic literature review of entrepreneurial competences. Implications for entrepreneurship education and future research. International Journal of Management in Education, 22(3), 101010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2024.101010
Biggs, J., y Tang, C. (2011). Teaching for quality learning at university: What the student does. McGraw-Hill Education.
Blank, S., y Dorf, B. (2020). The startup owner’s manual: The step-by-step guide for building a great company. John Wiley & Sons.
Bom-Camargo, Y. I. (2021). Hacia la responsabilidad social como estrategia de sostenibilidad en la gestión empresarial. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVII(2), 130-146. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v27i2.35903
Boud, D., Cohen, R., y Walker, D. (Eds.) (1993). Using experience for learning. Open University Press.
Brynjolfsson, E., y McAfee, A. (2014). The second machine age: Work, progress, and prosperity in a time of brilliant technologies. W. W. Norton & Company.
Cantillo, N., Pedraza, C. J., y Suarez, H. (2021). Formación del emprendimiento social: Compromiso de la Universidad de la Guajira en Colombia. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVII(1), 216-229. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v27i1.35308
Carroll, A. B. (1999). Corporate social responsibility: Evolution of a definitional construct. Business & Society, 38(3), 268-295. https://doi.org/10.1177/000765039903800303
Chaffey, D., Hemphill, T., y Edmundson-Bird, D. (2019). Digital business and E-commerce management. Pearson Education.
Clutterbuck, D. (2004). Everyone needs a mentor: Fostering talent in your organisation. CIPD Publishing.
Coelho, H., y Marín-González, F. (2022). Programa de Formación para Emprendedores desde la formación de posgrado en la Península de Paraguaná-Venezuela. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVIII(3), 413-429. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v28i3.38484
Crane, A., y Matten, D. (2016). Business ethics: managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press.
Drucker, P. F. (1985). La práctica de la gestión. Harper & Row.
Duckworth, A. L. (2016). Grit: The power of passion and perseverance. Simon and Schuster.
Dwivedy, K. (2024). The role of experiential learning in developing entrepreneurial skills: Insights from startup incubators. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 27(5), 1-3. https://www.abacademies.org/articles/the-role-of-experiential-learning-in-developing-entrepreneurial-skills-insights-from-startup-incubators-17111.html
Etzkowitz, H., y Leydesdorff, L. (2000). The dynamics of innovation: From national systems and “Mode 2” to a Triple Helix of university–industry–government relations. Research Policy, 29(2), 109-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00055-4
Fayolle, A., y Gailly, B. (2015). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial attitudes and intention: Hysteresis and persistence. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(1), 75-93. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12065
Gitman, L. J., y Zutter, C. J. (2014). Principles of managerial finance. Pearson.
Hackman, J. R. (2002). Leading teams: Setting the stage for great performances. Harvard Business School Press.
Hidalgo, M. F., Hidalgo, M. D. R., Cerda, M. E., Chango, J. L., Guilcapi, F. E., y Martínez, F. X. (2018). Competencias emprendedoras en las universidades. Revista Órbita Pedagógica, 5(1). 1-8.
Hincapié, N. F., y Clemenza, C. (2022). Evaluación de los aprendizajes por competencias: Una mirada teórica desde el contexto colombiano. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVIII(1), 106-122. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v28i1.37678
Hisrich, R. D., Peters, M. P., y Shepherd, D. A. (2016). Entrepreneurship. McGraw-Hill Education.
Horngren, C., Sundem, G. L., Elliott, J. A., y Philbrick, D. R. (2013). Introduction to financial accounting. Pearson Education.
Kahneman, D. (2013). Thinking, fast and slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Kolb, D. A. (2015). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Pearson Education, Incorporated.
Kotler, P., Kartajaya, H., y Setiawan, I. (2016). Marketing 4.0: Moving from traditional to digital. Wiley.
Kuratko, D. F. (2016). Entrepreneurship: Theory, process, practice. Cengage Learning.
Lantu, D. C., Suharto, Y., Fachira, I., Permatasari, A., y Anggadwita, G. (2022). Experiential learning model: Improving entrepreneurial values through internship program at start-ups. Higher Education, Skills and Work-based Learning, 12(1), 107-125. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-01-2021-0014
Laudon, K. C., y Laudon, J. P. (2015). Management information systems: Managing the digital firm. Pearson Education.
Laudon, K. C., y Traver, C. G. (2018). E-commerce: Business, technology, society. Pearson.
Liñán, F., y Chen, Y.-W. (2009). Development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 593-617. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00318.x
Longenecker, J. G., Petty, J. W., Palich, L. E., y Hoy, F. (2014). Small business management: launching & growing entrepreneurial ventures. Cengage Learning.
Luckin, R. (2018). Machine Learning and Human Intelligence: the future of education for the 21st century. UCL IOE Press.
Lumpkin, G. T., y Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking It to Performance. The Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135-172. https://doi.org/10.2307/258632
Lynn, M. R. (1986). Determination and quantification of content validity. Nursing Research, 35(6), 382-386. https://journals.lww.com/nursingresearchonline/citation/1986/11000/determination_and_quantification_of_content.17.aspx
Mai, K. N., y Thai, Q. H. (2025). Entrepreneurial competencies – A systematic literature review. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 23, 54-130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-024-00356-7
Mair, J., y Martí, I. (2006). Social entrepreneurship research: A source of explanation, prediction, and delight. Journal of World Business, 41(1), 36-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2005.09.002
Nambisan, S. (2017). Digital Entrepreneurship: Toward a Digital Technology Perspective of Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(6), 1029-1055. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12254
Neck, H. M., y Greene, P. G. (2011). Entrepreneurship education: Known worlds and new frontiers. Journal of Small Business Management, 49(1), 55-70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2010.00314.x
Nunnally, J. C., y Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory. McGraw-Hill Education.
O’Brien, J. A., y Marakas, G. M. (2010). Management information systems: Managing information technology in the business enterprise. McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Osterwalder, A., y Pigneur, Y. (2010). Business model generation: a handbook for visionaries, game changers, and challengers. Wiley.
Paredes-Chacín, A. J., y Flórez-Ortega, R. (2024). Competencias en la formación emprendedora y desarrollo sostenible desde la educación superior. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXX(3), 187-204. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v30i3.42658
Paucar, Y. P., Pinedo, M. A., Ramos, M. E., Chuquizuta, K. P., y Vega, C. S. (2025). Estrategias pedagógicas para el desarrollo de competencias emprendedoras en la educación técnica: una revisión sistemática. Revista de Educación Simón Rodríguez, 5(10), 78-90. https://doi.org/10.62319/simonrodriguez.v.5i10.48
Polit, D. F., y Beck, C. T. (2006). The content validity index: Are you sure you know what’s being reported? Critique and recommendations. Research in Nursing & Health, 29(5), 489-497. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20147
Porter, M. E., y Kramer, M. R. (2006). Strategy & Society: The Link between Competitive Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility. Harvard Business Review, 84, 78-85. https://hbr.org/2006/12/strategy-and-society-the-link-between-competitive-advantage-and-corporate-social-responsibility
Provost, F., y Fawcett, T. (2013). Data Science for Business: What You Need to Know about Data Mining and Data-Analytic Thinking. O’Reilly Media.
Quispe, G. M., Delgado, R., Ayaviri, D., y Maldonado, A. I. (2022). Competencias emprendedoras para generar una cultura de emprendimiento en la educación superior. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVIII(E-6), 297-313. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v28i.38847
Robbins, S. P., y Coulter, M. (2010). Administración. Pearson.
Russell, S., y Norvig, P. (2020). Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach. Pearson.
Sarasvathy, S. D. (2001). Causation and Effectuation: Toward a Theoretical Shift from Economic Inevitability to Entrepreneurial Contingency. The Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 243-263. https://doi.org/10.2307/259121
Schumpeter, J. A. (1983). The theory of economic development. Transaction Publishers.
Shane, S., y Venkataraman, S. (2000). The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research. The Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217-226. https://doi.org/10.2307/259271
Sommarström, K., Oikkonen, E., y Pihkala, T. (2020). Entrepreneurship Education with Companies: Teachers Organizing School-Company Interaction. Education Sciences, 10(10), 268. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10100268
Stair, R., y Reynolds, G. (2016). Fundamentals of information systems. Cengage Learning.
St-Jean, E., y Audet, J. (2012). The role of mentoring in the learning development of the novice entrepreneur. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 8(1), 119-140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-009-0130-7
Timmons, J. A., y Spinelli, S. (2009). New venture creation: Entrepreneurship for the 21st century. McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Tobón, S., Pimienta, J. H., y García, J. A. (2010). Secuencias didácticas: Aprendizaje y evaluación de competencias. Pearson Educación.
Trasberg, K. (2024). Empowering Entrepreneurial Competencies and Mindset in Teacher Training. Acta Paedagogica Vilnensia, 52, 142-157. https://doi.org/10.15388/ActPaed.2024.52.11
Treviño, L. K., y Nelson, K. A. (2017). Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right. John Wiley & Sons.
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California – UABC (2017). Propuesta de modificación del plan de estudios del programa Licenciatura en Economía (Documento oficial del Consejo Universitario). UABC. https://sriagral.uabc.mx/Secretaria_General/consejo/201705/07.pdf
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California - UABC (2025). Coordinación General de Servicios Estudiantiles y Gestión Escolar. UABC. http://cgsege.uabc.mx/
Yávar, D. A., Quiñonez, A., Solis, S. N., y Solis, M. I. (2025). La transformación digital como estrategia integral: Impacto en la gestión administrativa, contable y de marketing para las PYMES. Una revisión sistemática. RECIAMUC, 9, 67-81. https://doi.org/10.26820/reciamuc/9.(3).julio.2025.67-81
Alda-Varas, R., Villardón-Gallego, L., y Elexpuru-Albizuri, I. (2012). Propuesta y validación de un perfil de competencias de la persona emprendedora. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 10(28), 1057-1080. https://doi.org/10.25115/ejrep.v10i28.1549
Ardichvili, A., Cardozo, R., y Ray, S. (2003). A theory of entrepreneurial opportunity identification and development. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(1), 105-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(01)00068-4
Bateman, T. S., y Crant, J. M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behavior: A measure and correlates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14(2), 103-118. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030140202
Bernadó, E., y Bratzke, F. (2024). Revisiting EntreComp through a systematic literature review of entrepreneurial competences. Implications for entrepreneurship education and future research. International Journal of Management in Education, 22(3), 101010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2024.101010
Biggs, J., y Tang, C. (2011). Teaching for quality learning at university: What the student does. McGraw-Hill Education.
Blank, S., y Dorf, B. (2020). The startup owner’s manual: The step-by-step guide for building a great company. John Wiley & Sons.
Bom-Camargo, Y. I. (2021). Hacia la responsabilidad social como estrategia de sostenibilidad en la gestión empresarial. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVII(2), 130-146. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v27i2.35903
Boud, D., Cohen, R., y Walker, D. (Eds.) (1993). Using experience for learning. Open University Press.
Brynjolfsson, E., y McAfee, A. (2014). The second machine age: Work, progress, and prosperity in a time of brilliant technologies. W. W. Norton & Company.
Cantillo, N., Pedraza, C. J., y Suarez, H. (2021). Formación del emprendimiento social: Compromiso de la Universidad de la Guajira en Colombia. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVII(1), 216-229. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v27i1.35308
Carroll, A. B. (1999). Corporate social responsibility: Evolution of a definitional construct. Business & Society, 38(3), 268-295. https://doi.org/10.1177/000765039903800303
Chaffey, D., Hemphill, T., y Edmundson-Bird, D. (2019). Digital business and E-commerce management. Pearson Education.
Clutterbuck, D. (2004). Everyone needs a mentor: Fostering talent in your organisation. CIPD Publishing.
Coelho, H., y Marín-González, F. (2022). Programa de Formación para Emprendedores desde la formación de posgrado en la Península de Paraguaná-Venezuela. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVIII(3), 413-429. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v28i3.38484
Crane, A., y Matten, D. (2016). Business ethics: managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press.
Drucker, P. F. (1985). La práctica de la gestión. Harper & Row.
Duckworth, A. L. (2016). Grit: The power of passion and perseverance. Simon and Schuster.
Dwivedy, K. (2024). The role of experiential learning in developing entrepreneurial skills: Insights from startup incubators. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 27(5), 1-3. https://www.abacademies.org/articles/the-role-of-experiential-learning-in-developing-entrepreneurial-skills-insights-from-startup-incubators-17111.html
Etzkowitz, H., y Leydesdorff, L. (2000). The dynamics of innovation: From national systems and “Mode 2” to a Triple Helix of university–industry–government relations. Research Policy, 29(2), 109-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00055-4
Fayolle, A., y Gailly, B. (2015). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial attitudes and intention: Hysteresis and persistence. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(1), 75-93. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12065
Gitman, L. J., y Zutter, C. J. (2014). Principles of managerial finance. Pearson.
Hackman, J. R. (2002). Leading teams: Setting the stage for great performances. Harvard Business School Press.
Hidalgo, M. F., Hidalgo, M. D. R., Cerda, M. E., Chango, J. L., Guilcapi, F. E., y Martínez, F. X. (2018). Competencias emprendedoras en las universidades. Revista Órbita Pedagógica, 5(1). 1-8.
Hincapié, N. F., y Clemenza, C. (2022). Evaluación de los aprendizajes por competencias: Una mirada teórica desde el contexto colombiano. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVIII(1), 106-122. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v28i1.37678
Hisrich, R. D., Peters, M. P., y Shepherd, D. A. (2016). Entrepreneurship. McGraw-Hill Education.
Horngren, C., Sundem, G. L., Elliott, J. A., y Philbrick, D. R. (2013). Introduction to financial accounting. Pearson Education.
Kahneman, D. (2013). Thinking, fast and slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Kolb, D. A. (2015). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Pearson Education, Incorporated.
Kotler, P., Kartajaya, H., y Setiawan, I. (2016). Marketing 4.0: Moving from traditional to digital. Wiley.
Kuratko, D. F. (2016). Entrepreneurship: Theory, process, practice. Cengage Learning.
Lantu, D. C., Suharto, Y., Fachira, I., Permatasari, A., y Anggadwita, G. (2022). Experiential learning model: Improving entrepreneurial values through internship program at start-ups. Higher Education, Skills and Work-based Learning, 12(1), 107-125. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-01-2021-0014
Laudon, K. C., y Laudon, J. P. (2015). Management information systems: Managing the digital firm. Pearson Education.
Laudon, K. C., y Traver, C. G. (2018). E-commerce: Business, technology, society. Pearson.
Liñán, F., y Chen, Y.-W. (2009). Development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 593-617. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00318.x
Longenecker, J. G., Petty, J. W., Palich, L. E., y Hoy, F. (2014). Small business management: launching & growing entrepreneurial ventures. Cengage Learning.
Luckin, R. (2018). Machine Learning and Human Intelligence: the future of education for the 21st century. UCL IOE Press.
Lumpkin, G. T., y Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking It to Performance. The Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135-172. https://doi.org/10.2307/258632
Lynn, M. R. (1986). Determination and quantification of content validity. Nursing Research, 35(6), 382-386. https://journals.lww.com/nursingresearchonline/citation/1986/11000/determination_and_quantification_of_content.17.aspx
Mai, K. N., y Thai, Q. H. (2025). Entrepreneurial competencies – A systematic literature review. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 23, 54-130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-024-00356-7
Mair, J., y Martí, I. (2006). Social entrepreneurship research: A source of explanation, prediction, and delight. Journal of World Business, 41(1), 36-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2005.09.002
Nambisan, S. (2017). Digital Entrepreneurship: Toward a Digital Technology Perspective of Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(6), 1029-1055. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12254
Neck, H. M., y Greene, P. G. (2011). Entrepreneurship education: Known worlds and new frontiers. Journal of Small Business Management, 49(1), 55-70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2010.00314.x
Nunnally, J. C., y Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory. McGraw-Hill Education.
O’Brien, J. A., y Marakas, G. M. (2010). Management information systems: Managing information technology in the business enterprise. McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Osterwalder, A., y Pigneur, Y. (2010). Business model generation: a handbook for visionaries, game changers, and challengers. Wiley.
Paredes-Chacín, A. J., y Flórez-Ortega, R. (2024). Competencias en la formación emprendedora y desarrollo sostenible desde la educación superior. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXX(3), 187-204. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v30i3.42658
Paucar, Y. P., Pinedo, M. A., Ramos, M. E., Chuquizuta, K. P., y Vega, C. S. (2025). Estrategias pedagógicas para el desarrollo de competencias emprendedoras en la educación técnica: una revisión sistemática. Revista de Educación Simón Rodríguez, 5(10), 78-90. https://doi.org/10.62319/simonrodriguez.v.5i10.48
Polit, D. F., y Beck, C. T. (2006). The content validity index: Are you sure you know what’s being reported? Critique and recommendations. Research in Nursing & Health, 29(5), 489-497. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20147
Porter, M. E., y Kramer, M. R. (2006). Strategy & Society: The Link between Competitive Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility. Harvard Business Review, 84, 78-85. https://hbr.org/2006/12/strategy-and-society-the-link-between-competitive-advantage-and-corporate-social-responsibility
Provost, F., y Fawcett, T. (2013). Data Science for Business: What You Need to Know about Data Mining and Data-Analytic Thinking. O’Reilly Media.
Quispe, G. M., Delgado, R., Ayaviri, D., y Maldonado, A. I. (2022). Competencias emprendedoras para generar una cultura de emprendimiento en la educación superior. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVIII(E-6), 297-313. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v28i.38847
Robbins, S. P., y Coulter, M. (2010). Administración. Pearson.
Russell, S., y Norvig, P. (2020). Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach. Pearson.
Sarasvathy, S. D. (2001). Causation and Effectuation: Toward a Theoretical Shift from Economic Inevitability to Entrepreneurial Contingency. The Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 243-263. https://doi.org/10.2307/259121
Schumpeter, J. A. (1983). The theory of economic development. Transaction Publishers.
Shane, S., y Venkataraman, S. (2000). The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research. The Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217-226. https://doi.org/10.2307/259271
Sommarström, K., Oikkonen, E., y Pihkala, T. (2020). Entrepreneurship Education with Companies: Teachers Organizing School-Company Interaction. Education Sciences, 10(10), 268. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10100268
Stair, R., y Reynolds, G. (2016). Fundamentals of information systems. Cengage Learning.
St-Jean, E., y Audet, J. (2012). The role of mentoring in the learning development of the novice entrepreneur. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 8(1), 119-140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-009-0130-7
Timmons, J. A., y Spinelli, S. (2009). New venture creation: Entrepreneurship for the 21st century. McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Tobón, S., Pimienta, J. H., y García, J. A. (2010). Secuencias didácticas: Aprendizaje y evaluación de competencias. Pearson Educación.
Trasberg, K. (2024). Empowering Entrepreneurial Competencies and Mindset in Teacher Training. Acta Paedagogica Vilnensia, 52, 142-157. https://doi.org/10.15388/ActPaed.2024.52.11
Treviño, L. K., y Nelson, K. A. (2017). Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right. John Wiley & Sons.
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California – UABC (2017). Propuesta de modificación del plan de estudios del programa Licenciatura en Economía (Documento oficial del Consejo Universitario). UABC. https://sriagral.uabc.mx/Secretaria_General/consejo/201705/07.pdf
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California - UABC (2025). Coordinación General de Servicios Estudiantiles y Gestión Escolar. UABC. http://cgsege.uabc.mx/
Yávar, D. A., Quiñonez, A., Solis, S. N., y Solis, M. I. (2025). La transformación digital como estrategia integral: Impacto en la gestión administrativa, contable y de marketing para las PYMES. Una revisión sistemática. RECIAMUC, 9, 67-81. https://doi.org/10.26820/reciamuc/9.(3).julio.2025.67-81
Publicado
2026-07-06
Cómo citar
Alcalá-Alvarez, M. del C. (2026). Validación de una escala multidimensional para medir competencias emprendedoras en estudiantes de Licenciatura en Economía. Revista De Ciencias Sociales, 32, 233-248. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v32i.45757
Sección
Artículos
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
1.jpg)
1.jpg)
