Análisis de redes complejas del transporte marítimo en el Océano Atlántico
Resumen
La globalización ha generado cambios importantes en los esquemas del transporte marítimo internacional. Por lo cual, con el objetivo de constatar las evidencias sobre los cambios de la estructura de conectividad del sistema portuario en el Océano Atlántico, durante el periodo de 2006 a 2011, en este artículo se utiliza una metodología de análisis de redes complejas. La hipótesis a contrastar es si ha existido un cambio significativo en el desplazamiento de la demanda de servicios marítimo, y por tanto, un desplazamiento de los flujos comerciales internacionales hacia las regiones situadas en el Atlántico Sur (costas de Brasil-Uruguay-Argentina y Golfo de Guinea) en este periodo. En base a la topología de red obtenida, todo parece indicar que a lo largo del período analizado, e inmediatamente posterior al inicio de la Gran Recesión, el transporte contenerizado atlántico influyente, ha basculado hacia las economías de la Costa Oeste de África de la Costa Este de Suramérica, manteniendo estos países una mayor resiliencia ante la crisis, que las economías de la ribera norte del Océano Atlántico. En conclusión, se pueden detectar importantes cambios en la estructura del tráfico transatlántico de carga marítima, y por tanto, del comercio internacional de mercancías.
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