Discourse Markers in English & Arabic: A contrastive Study
Resumen
Many words which might be claimed to be DMs arise commonly in speech, but no principled grounds exist on which to disclaim DM repute to comparable objects which might be in large part located in written discourse The role of the discourse markers which are words or phrases in the linguistic system to make relations between topics in the discourse .They are important but use them when necessary in the informal speech as if we say them a lot make the speech artificial. The grammatical structure has a subject, verb, or object.Citas
Al Kohlani, F. A. (2010). The Function of Discourse Markers in Arabic Newspaper Articles. Ph.D. Dissertation, Georgetown University. Blakemore, D. (1996). “Are Apposition Markers Discourse Markers?” Journal of Linguistics, Vol. 32, pp. 325-347.
Brinton, Laurel J. 1996. Pragmatic markers in English: Grammaticaliza- tion and
discourse function. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Cantarino, V. (1975). Syntax of Modern Arabic Prose. Bloomington: In- diana.
Carol Lynn, Moder; Aida Martinovic-Zic (2004). Discourse Across Lan- guages and Cultures. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Fareh, S. (1998). The function of and was in English and Arabic written discourse. Papers and Studies in Contrastive Linguistics, 34, 303–312. Retrieved April 10, 2014, from http://www.ifa.amu.edu.pl/psicl/files/34/18Fareh.pdf.
Fraser, B. (1999). “What are DMs?’. Journal of Pragmatics, Vol. 31, pp. 931-925.
Fries, P.H. (1993). “The Structuring of Information in Written Texts”. Language Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 461-482.
Gully, Adrian. 1993. The changing face of modern written Arabic: An up- date. al-Arabiyya 26: 19-59.
Hamza, M. (2006). Discourse Markers in Written Arabic. Teachers’ Col- lege Researchers Journal, 1, No. 1, 1–252 Retrieved February 26, 2014, from http://www.basiceducation.uomosul.edu.iq.
Halliday, M. & Hasan, R. (1976). Cohesion in English. London: Longman. Hamdan, Ahmad. 2002. al-”iāb al-ilamī al-arabī. āfāq wa taaddiyāt. Alge- ria: Dār Hūma.
Hansen, Maj-Britt Mosegaard. 1997. Alors and donc in spoken French: A reanalysis. Journal of Pragmatics 28: 153-187.
Khalil, Esam N. 2000. Grounding in English and Arabic news discourse. Amsterdam:
John Benjamins Publishing Co.
King, Brian. 1992. On the meaning of empty words. Semiotics 89 (1/3): 257-265.
Schiffrin, Deborah (1986), Discourse markers, Studies in interactional so- ciolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge shire.
