Role of Relational Capital and Social Capital in Mediating the Effect of Asta-Brata-Based Human Capital in Financial Performance
Resumen
The purpose of this study was to examine and explain the effect of human capital, relational capital and social capital on the financial performance of Rural Credit Banks in Bali, both in direct and indirect relationships. This research used a positivism approach. The population in this study consisted of conventional BPRs in Bali Province, totaling 136 BPRs in Bali. The unit of analysis was 60 BPR leaders. Quantitative analysis based on multivariate analysis using structural equation modeling with Partial Least Square ap- proach). The results of the study provided an explanation of the important role of the mediation of relational capital and social capital as the full media- tion of Asta Brata-based human capital which has an impact on the financial performance of BPRs in Bali. The findings of this study were the two variables namely Relational Capital and Social Capital proved to be full mediation but the priority of determining the strategic path was through Relational Capital.Citas
As’ad, Moh., Anggoro, Wahyu Jati & Virdanianty, Mariana. 2011. ”Studi Eksplorasi Konstrak Kepemimpinan Model Jawa: Asta Brata”. JURNAL PSIKOLOGI. Vol. 38 No. 2: 228 – 239
Asiaei, Kaveh & Jusoh, Ruzita. 2015. ”A multidimensional view of intel- lectual capital: the impact on organizational performance”, Management Decision, Vol. 53 No. 3: 668 – 697.
Barney, J. 1991. ”Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage”. Journal of Management. Vol.17 No. 1. Pp. 99-120.
Belkaoui. 2003. ”Intelectual capital and firm performance of US Multina- tional firms: a study of the resource-based and stake holder views”. Jurnal of intellectual capital. Vol. 4 No. 2: 215-226.
Bontis Michael, N. G., Chua Chong Keow, W & Richardson, S. 2000. ”IC in Malaysian industries Intellectual capital and business performance in Malaysian industries”. Journal of Intellectual Capital. Vol. 1 No. 1: 85– 100.
Cabrita, Maria do Rosario., Machado, Virgilio Cruz & Grilo, Antonio. 2009. ”Creating Value for Intellectual Capital in Portuguese Banking Insti- tutons”. Lusada. International Journal of Engineering and Industrial Man- agement. No. 1: 231-251.
Chen, Chung-Jen., Liu, Tsung-Chi., Chu, Mo-An & Hsiao, Yung-Chang. 2014. ”Intellectual capital and new product development”. Journal of En- gineering and Technology Management. No. 33: 154–173.
Coleman, James.S. 1988. ”Modal sosial in the Creation of Human Capital”. The American Journal of Sociology. Vol. 94 (S195S120), Supplement: Organizations and Institutions: Sociological and Economic Approaches to the Analysis of Social Structure, JSTOR.
Creswell, J.W. 2014. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA (USA).
Djilali, Pr, Benebou & Sarra, Bouguesri. 2016. ”The Impact of the Intel- lectual Capital on Business Performance: Evidence from Algerian Compa- nies”. International Journal of Engineering, Business and Enterprise Ap- plications (IJEBEA): 16-23.
Fatoki, O. 2011. ”The impact of human, social and financial capital on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in South Africa”. Journal of Social Sciences. Vol. 29 No. 3: 193–204.
Felicio, J. Augusto., Couto, Eduardo & Caiado, Jorge. 2014. ”Human cap- ital, social capital and organizational performance”. Management Deci- sion. Vol. 52 No. 2: 350-364.
Ghozali, Imam & Latan, Hengky. 2014. Partial Least Squares Konsep, Teknik dan Aplikasi Menggunakan Program SmartPLS 3.0 Untuk Peneli- tian Empiris. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. 2013. A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA (USA).
Halim, Siana. 2010. ”Statistical analysis on the intellectual capital state- ment”, Journal of Intellectual Capital. Vol. 11 Iss. 1: 61 – 73.
Handoko, T. Hani. 2000. Manajemen Personalia dan Sumberdaya Manu- sia, Edisi Kedua. Yogyakarta: BPFE.
Hashim, Maryam Jameelah., Osman, Idris & Alhabshi, Syed Musa. 2015. ”Effect of Intellectual Capital on Organizational Performance”. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences: 207 – 214.
Hizbullah. 2018. Kualitas SDM Rendah, NPL BPR di Bali Tinggi. Bali Post, Rabu 23 Mei 2018.
Jardon, Carlos Maria F & Marto, Maria Susana. 2009. Intellectual capital and performance in wood industries of Argentina. Journal of Intellectual Capital. Vol. 10 No. 4: 600-616.
Kamukama, Nixon., Ahiauzu, Augustine & Ntayi, Joseph M. 2010. ”Intel- lectual capital and financial performance in uganda’s microfinance insti- tutions”. African Journal of Accounting, Economics, Finance and Banking Research. Vol.6 No.6.
Kartono, Kartini. 2014. Pemimpin dan Kepemimpinan: Apakah Kepem- impinan Abnormal itu? Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.
Khalique, Muhammad., Shaari, Jamal Abdul Nassir., Isa, Abu Hassan Md & Ageel, Adel. 2011. ”Role of Intellectual Capital on the Organizational Performance of Electrical and Electronic SMEs in Pakistan”. International Journal of Business and Management. Vol. 6 No. 9: 253-257.
Luminitas Maria Gogan., Alin Artene., Ioana Saria & Anca Draghici. 2016. ”The Impact of Intellectual on Organizational Performance”. Proce- dia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 221: 194-202.
Mayo, Andrew. 2000. ”The role of employee development in the growth of intellectual capital”. Personnel Review. Vol. 29 Iss. 4: 521 – 533. Mention, Anne-Laure & Bontis, Nick. 2013. ”Intellectual capital and per- formance within the banking sector of Luxembourg and Belgium”. Journal of Intellectual Capital. Vol. 14 No. 2: 286-309.
Mohamad, R., Building, A & Ismail, N. A. 2010. ”Intellectual Capital Ef- ficiency and Firm’s Performance: Study on Malaysian Financial Sectors”. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce. Vol. 15 No. 1: 1–11.
Moon, Y. J & Kym, H. G. 2006. ”A Model for the Value of Intellectual Capital”. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences (Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences). Vol. 23 No. 3: 253–269.
Nahapiet, J & Ghoshal, S. 1998. ”Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and the Organizational Advantage”. The Academy of Management Review. Vol. 23 No. 2: 242-266.
Pratono, A., Chee Wee, T., Hida Syahchari, D., TyazNugraha, A & Kama- riah Nik Mat, N. 2013. ”The Direct Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Innovation Success on Firm Performance”. American Journal of Eco- nomics. Vol. 3 No. 1: 1–6.
Rivai, Veithzal; Deddy Mulyadi. 2013. Kepemimpinan dan Perilaku Or- ganisasi. Jakarta : PT Raja Grafindo Persada.
Sayad, A., & Pourmohammadi, R. 2014. ”Evaluating the relationship be- tween intellectual capital and financial performance in Iranian biotechno- logical production companies”. Vol. 4 No. 1: 168–173.
Sharabati, Abdel-Aziz Ahmad., Shawqi Naji Jawad., & Nick Bontis. 2010. ”Intellectual capital and business performance in the pharmaceutical sec- tor of Jordan”. Management decision. Vol. 48 No. 1: 105-131.
Sidharta, Rai. 2009. Kepemimpinana Hindu Asta Brata dan Nasehat Sri Rama Lainnya. Surabaya: Paramita.
Soheyli, F., Moeinaddin, M., & Nayebzadeh, S. 2014. ”The Relationship between Components of Intellectual Capital and Performance of Yazd Tile Companies”. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences. Vol. 4 No. 1: 319–330.
Stam, W., Arzlanian, S., & Elfring, T. 2014. ”Social capital of entrepre- neurs and small firm performance: A meta-analysis of contextual and methodological moderators”. Journal of business venturing. Vo. 29 No. 1: 152-173.
Timberlake, Sharon. 2005. ”Social capital and gender in the workplace”. Journal of Management Development. Vol. 24 Issue. 1: 34-44.
Wernerfelt, B. 1984. “A Resource-Based View of the Firm”. Strategic Management Journal. Vol. 5: 171-180.
Yukl, G. 2010. Leadership in organization: 7th edition. New Jersey: Pear- son Prenctice Hall.
