Cognitive Distortion And Its Relationship To The Stressful Life Events Of Iraqi University Students

• Amjad Younus Abed

Resumen

The current research aims to identify: • The level of cognitive distortion among Iraqi University students. • The significance of the differences in the level of cognitive distortion among Iraqi university students according to the two sex variables (male - female) and specialization (scientific - human) • Stressful life events for Iraqi University students. • The significance of the differences in life stressful events for Iraqi University students according to the two sex varia- bles (male - female) and specialization (scientific - human). • The correlation between cognitive distortion and stressful life events among Iraqi universi- ty students. The sample of the research consisted of (200) male and female students from the faculties of the Iraqi University, and they were chosen in the simple random stratified method of equal selection, and the researcher adopted a scale (Eureka and Daytomaso, 2001) to measure cognitive distor- tion, and a scale (Sultan, 2009) to measure stressful life events, After analyzing the results by using the statistical bag (SPSS), the most important results were as follows: 1- Iraqi University students have a low level of cognitive distortion. 2- There are no statistically significant differences in the level of cognitive dis- tortion among Iraqi University students according to the variables of gender and specialization. 3- The high exposure of Iraqi university students to stress- ful life events. 4- There are no statistically significant differences in stressful life events for Iraqi university students according to the gender variable, while there are no statistically significant differences in stressful life events for Iraqi university students according to the specialty variable. 5- There is a statistically significant correlation between cognitive distortion and stressful life events among Iraqi University students.The researcher came out with a set of conclusions, recommendations and proposals. Cognitive distortion and its relationship to the stressful life events of Iraqi University students

Citas

- Adams, S. (2005); Human Given Theory of Cognitive Distortions. Available at: www.hgi.org.uk.

- Beck, A.T. & Weishaar, M.E. (1989): Cognitive therapy. Compre- hensive handbook of cognitive therapy. New York: Plenum Press.

- Brende. J.o, & et al (1999): Hostility and its relationship with stressful events and problem solving, journal of contemporary psy- chotherapy, vol. (28), No. (75), P. 107-140.

- Buss, A. H & perry, M (1992): the aggression questionnaire, jour- nal of personality and psychological, vol. (63), no (31), p. 143-145. - Buss, A, H, (1961): psychology of aggression, john wiley & sons inc. New York, London, Sydney, p. 8,18- 19.

- Buss, A.H. (1995): psychology of aggression, John Wiley & sons inc, New York. London, Sydney, P.189.

- Buss, A.H & Warren, W.L. (2000): Aggression question naires man- ual, Los Angles, C A. and western, psychological services, P.11,36. - Coyne, J. C & Lazarus, R.S. (1980): cognitive style stress percep- tion and coping in I.L.Kata shand. Hand book of stress and anxie- ty contemporary knowledge, theory and treatment, sanfrancisco, p. 150-152.

- Daniel, P. (2001): Driving Anger, Articulated Cognitive Distortion, Cognitive Deficiencies, and Aggression. Dissertation Abstracts In- ternational, Vol. 62.

- Kennedy, D. (2012); The Relationship between Parental Stress, Cognitive Distortions, and Child Psychopathology. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine. - Hackett, G & Lonbory. S. (1983): Models of stress in: Altimaier, E M. (ed). Helping students manage stress “sandrancisco, Jo ssey- Bass Inc, p. 10-11.

- Hellman, C. & Mcmillin, W. (1997): the rdationship Between- Es- teem. Journal of social psychology. Vol. (37). No. (1), P.135-140.

- Hobson. J. (1997); cognitive Distortion, A practitioner portfolio, Forensic Psychology Practice Ltd, The Willows Clinic, Boldmere.

- Johnson, K, &, Johnson, J (1992); Social Anxiety, Depression, and Distorted Cognitions in College Students, Journal of Social & Clin- ical Psychology, VoL. 11 (2).

- John M. G. (2009); Common Cognitive Distortions.

- Lazarus, R.S (1986): coping as ameditor of emotion, journal of personality and social psychology, vol. (46) .No. (1), P.167.

- Morris, A. (2011): A Web of Distortion: How Internet Use is Re- lated to Cognitive Distortion, Personality Traits, and Relationship Dissatisfaction. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine.

- Moos, R (1973): Life stressors and coping resources influence, health and well being, psychological assessed, p. 39.

- Power, M.J (1988): Cognitive failures, dysfunctional attitudes, and symptomatology a longitudinal study: Cognitive and emotion, 2.

- Rhady, Nan, M. (1993): Self-Concept Cognitive Distortion and sex Different in Depression, Dissertation Abstracts International, Jol 43 (7-B).

- Rosenfield, B, M. (2004): Relationship Between Cognitive Dis- tortions and Psychological Disorders Across Diagnostic Axes. Un- published doctoral dissertation. Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine.

- Sutterley, R. N. & Doris (1981): coping with stress an aspen publi- cation, London, p. 3-4.

- Tagg, J. (2003); The Learning Paradigm College, Anter Publishing Company, Incorporated

- Teresa, G. C. (1998): A study of Stress and Cognitive Distortion in Adolescent Male Offenders and Non- Offenders, Dissertation Ab- stracts International, Vol. 59 (9-B).

- Woolfolk, A. (1987): Educational Psychology, Prentice- Hall, Inc., Englewood cliffs, New Jersey.

- Witting, A.F & William, G (1984): psychology an introduction, New York, Mc graw-Hill company, p. 471.

-Yurica, C. (2002): Inventory of Cognitive Distortions: Validation of a psychometric instrument for the measurement of cognitive dis- tortions. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine.

- Yurica, C., & DiTomasso, R. A. (2005): Cognitive Distortions. In- ternational Encyclopedia of Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies. New York: Springer.