Respuestas emocionales a la corrupción en diversos sectores de la sociedad: contenido y dinámica
Palabras clave:
percepción de la corrupción, tolerancia actitudinal, espectro universidad-trabajo, corrupción en el sector educativo, escala de emociones diferenciales, análisis de contenido
Resumen
Uno de los obstáculos a la lucha contra la corrupción son las actitudes de la población hacia ella y la tolerancia de tales actitudes entre determinados segmentos de la población. Este artículo analiza el contenido (características y modalidad) y la dinámica de las reacciones emocionales a la corrupción en los ámbitos de la educación, la carrera, la vida profesional, y la sociedad entre los individuos dentro del espectro de la universidad al trabajo, en relación con sus correspondientes actitudes hacia la corrupción. Se aplicaron encuestas, análisis de contenido y pruebas (Escala de Emociones Diferenciales de Izard. Los resultados indican que dentro del espectro universidad-trabajo, las actitudes predominantes hacia la corrupción son las relaciones de Transacción Económica Empresarial y Valor Instrumental. Independientemente del tipo de actitud, la corrupción como fenómeno social suscita emociones negativas entre todos los participantes (excepto para los estudiantes que muestran neutralidad hacia la corrupción percibida como un valor Instrumental) y específicamente en los campos de carrera y profesional entre los encuestados que trabajan. La naturaleza de las emociones fluctúa en función de la actitud hacia la corrupción, su contexto de manifestación y el estatus de los encuestados. Se concluye que dentro del espectro que va de la universidad al trabajo, la dinámica de las respuestas emocionales de los encuestados a la corrupción en la educación, la carrera y los campos profesionales, y en la sociedad en general, está condicionada por su actitud hacia la corrupción, manifestándose en reacciones emocionales específicas, cambios en la naturaleza y modalidad de las emociones.
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Nikolaev, S. M. (2019). “Modeling of cadets' preparation in educational establishments of higher education of the penitentiary system for anti-corruption activities”. Espacios, 40 (29), 3.
Parra, D., Muñoz-Herrera, M., & Palacio, L. A. (2021). “The limits of transparency in reducing corruption”. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 95 (C), 101762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2021.101762
Prasad, M., da Silva, M. B. M., & Nickow, A. (2019). “Approaches to corruption: A synthesis of the scholarship”. Studies in Comparative International Development, 54 (1), 96-132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-018-9275-0
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Vannovskaia, O. V. (2009). “Problema korruptsii v psikhologicheskoy fenomenologii” [“The problem of corruption in psychological phenomenology”]. Bulletin of St. Petersburg University, 3 (2), 54-62 (2009). https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/problema-korruptsii-v-psihologicheskoy-fenomenologii/viewer
Yurov, I. A. (2015). “S.L. Rubinshteyn: Dialektiko-materialisticheskaya i gumanisticheskaya psikhologii” [“S.L. Rubinstein: Dialectical-materialistic and humanistic”]. Psychologist, 4, 37-84. https://doi.org/10.7256/2409-
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Zhuravlev, A. L., & Kitova, D. A. (2022). “The attitude of youth to corruption as a manifestation of the economic mentality of Russians”. Psychology and Law, 12 (2), 178-193. https://doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2022120213
Abun, D., Encarnacion, M. J., Magallanes, T., & Lalaine, S. (2020). “Students’ attitude toward corruption and their behavioural intention to corrupt or not to corrupt in the future: The Philippines’ context”. Journal of the Social Sciences, 23 (1), 78-98.
d’Agostino, G., & Pieroni, L. (2019). “Modelling corruption perceptions: Evidence from eastern Europe and central Asian countries”. Social Indicators Research, 142, 311-341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-018-1886-3
De Waele, L., Weißmüller, K. S., & van Witteloostuijn, A. (2021). “Bribery and the role of public service moti-vation and social value orientation: A multi-site experimental study in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands”. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 655964. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.655964
Dzhaneryan, S. T., & Gvozdeva, D. I. (2020). Soderzhaniye i sformirovannost' tipov tsennostno-smyslovogo otnosheniya k nizovoy korruptsii v forme vzyatochnichestva u gorodskoy uchashcheysya molodezhi [The content and formation of the types of value-semantic attitude to bottom corruption in the form of bribery among urban student youth]. Moscow: Publishing house "Znanie-M".
Dzhaneryan, S. T., Gvozdeva, D. I., & Astafyeva, I. N. (2016). “Understanding of the causes of bribery by students with various types of attitude to bribery”. The Social Sciences, 11 (S3), 6459-6464.
Fan, I. B. (2019). Korruptsiya kak problema politicheskoy antropologii [Corruption as a problem of political anthropology]. In: Rudenko, V. N. (Ed.) Actual problems of scientific support of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of combating corruption: A collection of works on the results of the third all-Russian scientific conference with international participation, IPLUBRAS, 26-27 October 2018, Ekaterinburg, Russia (pp. 349-368). Ekaterinburg: Institute of Philosophy and Law, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.17506/articles.anticorruption.2018.349368
Fischer, R., Ferreira, M. C., Milfont, T., & Pilati, R. (2014). “Culture of corruption? The effects of priming corruption images in a high corruption context”. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 45 (10), 1594-1605. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0022022114548874
Gavelis, V. (2012). “An economic approach to corruption types”. Economics, Political Science, 91, 4.
Gutiérrez, J. G., Saiz-Álvarez, J. M., & Ángel, G. (2017). “A cognitive, emotional and behavioral assessment of Colombian entrepreneurs’ attitudes toward corruption”. Universidad & Empresa, 19 (33), 9-51. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/empresa/a.4682
Guvenli, T., & Sanyal, R. (2012). “Perception and understanding of bribery in international business”. Ethics and Behavior, 22 (5), 333-348. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2012.706140
Harris, G., & van der Merwe, A. D. (2012). “The scope for mobilizing public opinion against corruption: The attitudes of Kwazulu-Natal university students”. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 15 (3), a301. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v15i3.301
Harris, N. F., & Bastedo, M. N. (2011). Corruption at the top: Ethical dilemmas in college and university governance. In: Gallant, T. B. (Ed.) Creating the ethical academy: A systems approach to understanding misconduct and empowering change in higher education. New York: Routledge.
Izard, C. E. (2010). “The many meanings/aspects of emotion: Definitions, functions, activation, and regulation”. Emotion Review, 2 (4), 363-370. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073910374661
Karpova, E. B., Isurina, G. L., & Zhuravlev, A. L. (2020). “Psychology of relations by V. N. Miasishchev: Origins and contents”. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal, 41 (2), 5-14. https://doi.org/10.31857/S020595920008488-2
Kondrashov, P. N. (2016). “Dinamika zhiznennykh tsennosteĭ podrostkov i problema korruptsii v postsovetskoĭ Rossii” [“Dynamics of vital values of adolescents and a problem of corruption in post-soviet Russia”]. The Education and Science Journal, 6, 22-41. https://doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2016-6-22-41
Li, C., Liu, L., Zheng, W., Dang, J., & Liang, Y. (2019). “A clean self reduces bribery intent”. International Journal of Psychology, 54 (2), 247-255. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12452
McGee, R. W., Benk, S., & Yüzbaşı, D. (2015). “Religion and ethical attitudes toward accepting a bribe: A comparative study”. Religions, 6 (4), 1168-1181. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel6041168
Nikolaev, S. M. (2019). “Modeling of cadets' preparation in educational establishments of higher education of the penitentiary system for anti-corruption activities”. Espacios, 40 (29), 3.
Parra, D., Muñoz-Herrera, M., & Palacio, L. A. (2021). “The limits of transparency in reducing corruption”. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 95 (C), 101762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2021.101762
Prasad, M., da Silva, M. B. M., & Nickow, A. (2019). “Approaches to corruption: A synthesis of the scholarship”. Studies in Comparative International Development, 54 (1), 96-132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-018-9275-0
Tanner, C., Linder, S., & Sohn, M. (2022). “Does moral commitment predict resistance to corruption? Experimental evidence from a bribery game”. Plos One, 17 (1), e0262201. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262201
Vannovskaia, O. V. (2009). “Problema korruptsii v psikhologicheskoy fenomenologii” [“The problem of corruption in psychological phenomenology”]. Bulletin of St. Petersburg University, 3 (2), 54-62 (2009). https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/problema-korruptsii-v-psihologicheskoy-fenomenologii/viewer
Yurov, I. A. (2015). “S.L. Rubinshteyn: Dialektiko-materialisticheskaya i gumanisticheskaya psikhologii” [“S.L. Rubinstein: Dialectical-materialistic and humanistic”]. Psychologist, 4, 37-84. https://doi.org/10.7256/2409-
8701.2015.4.15394
Zhuravlev, A. L., & Kitova, D. A. (2022). “The attitude of youth to corruption as a manifestation of the economic mentality of Russians”. Psychology and Law, 12 (2), 178-193. https://doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2022120213
Publicado
2024-05-08
Cómo citar
Dzhaneryan , S., Gvozdeva, D., Gabdulina, L., Belova, E., & Kim, A. (2024). Respuestas emocionales a la corrupción en diversos sectores de la sociedad: contenido y dinámica. Interacción Y Perspectiva, 14(3), 647-660. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11154833
Sección
Artículos de Investigación
