Evaluación del impacto de la doxorrubicina en el tejido testicular de ratas y el papel protector del resveratrol y la timoquinona
Resumen
En este estudio se investigaron los efectos nocivos de la doxorrubicina sobre el tejido testicular de ratas y la protección que proporcionan la timquinona y el resveratrol. El estudio empleó 10 grupos, cada uno compuesto por 8 ratas macho albinas Wistar, para un total de 80 ratas macho. Los grupos se establecieron de la siguiente manera: control (C), doxorrubicina (D), resveratrol (R) (R 5 mg·kg-1, R 20 mg·kg-1), timoquinona (T) (T 5 mg·kg-1, T 20 mg·kg-1) y grupos combinados (D + R 5 mg·kg-1, D + R 20 mg·kg-1, D + T 5 mg·kg-1, D + T 20 mg·kg-1). El grupo C recibió solución salina fisiológica por vía oral cada dos días mediante sonda. Los grupos que recibieron D recibieron una dosis de 15 mg·kg-1 por vía intraperitoneal el día 10. Los grupos que recibieron T y R recibieron estos compuestos cada dos días durante 21 días. Al final del período del estudio, los animales fueron sacrificados mediante dislocación cervical bajo anestesia. Se recolectaron muestras de testículo y epidídimo, prestando atención a la esterilidad, para análisis espermatológicos, histopatológicos e inmunohistoquímicos. Los hallazgos mostraron que la concentración espermática disminuyó en todos los grupos tratados con D. Asimismo, la motilidad y la actividad mitocondrial se redujeron, y la integridad del acrosoma y de la membrana se vieron afectadas. Los datos histopatológicos e inmunohistoquímicos también revelaron disminuciones significativas en el grosor de la capa de células germinales, el diámetro de los túbulos, el puntaje testicular de Johnson y el peso testicular relativo, mientras que la proporción de proteínas del linfoma de células B2 disminuyó y la expresión de la proteína X asociada a Bcl–2 aumentó (P<0.05). Además, el grupo T 5 mostró un efecto adverso sobre la densidad espermática, la motilidad, la integridad de la membrana y la actividad mitocondrial. Por otro lado, los grupos T 20 mg·kg-1, R 5 mg·kg-1 y R 20 mg·kg-1 mostraron resultados más positivos que el grupo control en muchos parámetros. Al considerar los grupos combinados, los grupos D + R 5 mg·kg-1 y especialmente-1 D + R 20 mg·kg lograron prevenir con éxito la toxicidad causada por el grupo D en términos de parámetros espermatológicos, histopatológicos e inmunohistoquímicos. En conclusión, se ha descubierto que R tiene una mayor capacidad protectora frente a la toxicidad testicular inducida por la D en comparación con la timoquinona.
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