Caracterización fisicoquímica de la goma de semilla de Prosopis juliflora obtenida por precipitación con etanol / Physicochemical characterization of the Prosopis juliflora seed gum obtained by precipitation with ethanol.

• Fernando Rincón Universidad del Zulia
• Carmen Clamens Universidad del Zulia
• Olga Beltrán Universidad del Zulia
• Rocio Guerrero Universidad del Zulia
• Lilian Sanabria Universidad del Zulia

Palabras clave: Prosopis juliflora, galactomanano, caracterización fisicoquímica, métodos de extracción, precipitación con etanol, physicochemical characterization, extraction procedure, precipitation with ethanol.

Resumen

Resumen

El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la caracterización fisicoquímica de la goma de semilla de Prosopis juliflora obtenida por precipitación con etanol absoluto. Se determinó el contenido de humedad, ceniza, grasa, proteína, carbohidratos totales, la rotación óptica, la composición de azucares, la viscosidad intrínseca, y el peso molecular. El contenido de proteína (4,24 %) y los carbohidratos totales (99,89 %) son mayores a los valores publicados para la goma de semilla de P. juliflora obtenida por sucesivas extracciones acuosa. Los resultados obtenidos por cromatografía líquida (HPLC), revelaron la presencia de manosa y galactosa como componentes mayoritarios. La relación M/G de la goma estudiada (1.85), es similar a la reportada para la goma guar (1,80). La viscosidad intrínseca de la goma investigada (12,98 dL/g), es mayor al valor reportado previamente para esta especie (11,78 dL/g) y a los valores exhibido para otros galactomananos (GMs) no tradicionales. Las características fisicoquímicas exhibidas por el GMs obtenido del endospermo de la semilla de la goma de P. juliflora por precipitación con etanol, se encuentra en el rango reportado para GMs. Las variaciones observadas están relacionadas con el método de separación y el tratamiento químico aplicado para el procedimiento de extracción de los galactomananos y/o al origen botánico de las semillas.

Abstract

The aim of this work is to evaluate the physicochemical characterization of the Prosopis juliflora seed gum obtained by precipitation with absolute ethanol. The moisture, ash, fat, protein, total carbohydrates, the optical rotation, sugar composition intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight were determined. The protein content (4,24 %) and the total carbohydrates (99,89 %) are higher than the values published from P. juliflora seed gum obtained by successive extractions with water. The results obtained by liquid chromatography (HPLC), revealed the presence of mannose and galactose as the major components. The (M/G) ratio was (1.85), which is quite similar to that of guar gum (1.80). The intrinsic viscosity of the gum seed investigated (12,98 dL/g) is higher than that previous reported (11,78 dL/g) and to the values exhibited for other not traditional GMs. The physicochemical characteristics exhibited of the galactomannans obtained from the endosperm P. juliflora seed, by precipitation with ethanol, was in the range of other reported GMs. The observed variations could be related to methods of separation and the chemical treatment applied for the extraction of galactomannans and/or to the botanical origin of the seeds.

Citas

ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS (A.O.A.C). 1975. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th Ed. Washington, DC. 1298 pp.

AZERO, E. y C. ANDRADE. 2002. Testing procedures for galactomannan purification. Polymer Testing. 21: 551-556.

Azero, E. y C. Andrade. 2006. Characterization of Prosopis juliflora seed gum and the effect of its addition to k-carrageenan systems. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society. 17: 844-850.

BEER, M., P.J. WOOD y J. WEISZ. 1999. A simple and rapid method for evaluation of Mark-Houwink-Sakurada constants of linear random coil polysaccharides. Carbohydrate Polymers. 39: 377-380.

Bourbon, A. I., A. C. Pinheiro, C. Ribeiro, C. Miranda, J. M. Maia, J. A. TEIXEIRA y A. A. Vicente.2010. Characterization of galactomannans extracted from seeds of Gleditsia triacanthos and Sophora japonica through shear and extensional rheology: Comparison with guar gum and locust bean gum. Food Hydrocolloids. 24: 184-192.

Braun D.B. y M.R. Rosen. 2010. Rheology Modifiers Handbook. Practical Use and Applications. New York: William Andrew Publishing.

ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS (A.O.A.C). 1975. Official Methods ofAnalysis. 15th Ed. Washington, DC. 1298 pp.

AZERO, E. y C. ANDRADE. 2002. Testing procedures for galactomannan purification. Polymer Testing. 21: 551-556.

Azero, E. y C. Andrade. 2006. Characterization of Prosopis juliflora seed gum and the effect

of its addition to k-carrageenan systems. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society.17: 844-850.

BEER, M., P.J. WOOD y J. WEISZ. 1999. A simple and rapid method for evaluation ofMark-Houwink-Sakurada constants of linear random coil polysaccharides. CarbohydratePolymers. 39: 377-380.

Bourbon, A. I., A. C. Pinheiro, C. Ribeiro, C. Miranda, J. M. Maia, J. A. TEIXEIRA y A. A. Vicente.2010. Characterization of galactomannans extracted from seeds of Gleditsiatriacanthos and Sophora japonica through shear and extensional rheology: Comparisonwith guar gum and locust bean gum. Food Hydrocolloids. 24: 184-192.

Braun D.B. y M.R. Rosen. 2010. Rheology Modifiers Handbook. Practical Use and Applications. New York: William Andrew Publishing.