Helicobacter pylori and premalignant lesions of the stomach in gastric biopsy

• Sylvana A. Cuenca-Buele Professor of Medicine - Universidad Técnica de Machala, El Oro, Ecuador
• Jorimar Leal-Montiel Full Professor, Director of the Research Division of the School of Medicine- Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela,
• Ana P. Arévalo-Jaramillo Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador.
• Iria Lozano Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Anatomic Pathology - Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela.
• Angel Chu-Lee Professor of Medicine - Universidad Técnica de Machala, El Oro, Ecuador

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8106590

Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, gastritis, atrophy, metaplasia, dysplasia, gastric cáncer

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori infection is a health problem caused by the essential pathogenic role in gastro- duodenal diseases ranging from superficial gastritis and peptic ulcer to gastric cancer and MALT lym- phoma. The objective of the research was to evalua- te the association between H. Pylori and premalig- nant lesions in gastric biopsy of patients submitted to upper endoscopy at the General Hospital IESS Machala. Therefore, a descriptive, non-experimen- tal, prospective, cross-sectional and field study was carried out. The population consisted of patients with gastric biopsy study for health care purposes, attended in the gastroenterology and pathology la- boratory services of the Hospital General IESS Ma- chala. The sample consisted of 501 patients with histopathological study of gastric biopsy, of whom 278 (55.5%) were women and 223 (44.5%) men pylori was identified in histological plaques stai- ned with hematoxylin-eosin. The variables of acute gastritis, chronic gastritis, gastric atrophy, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia were analyzed. The data obtained were processed in the IBM SPSS version 25.00 program. The results were expressed as fre- quency and percentages, and presented in tables. To determine the association between categorical variables, the chi-square test (X2) was used, with a value of p <0.05 being considered significant. The results reveal that the histopathological study found 204 H. pylori positive biopsies, which corresponds to 40.7% of the population, with a tendency for this prevalence to increase as the individual increases in age, reaching a maximum peak between 51 and 60 years of age, after which it decreases. The fe- male sex was the most affected 117 (23.4%). The presence of H. pylori infection was significantly as- sociated with acute gastritis (p=0.000), chronic gas- tritis (p=0.000), chronic follicular gastritis (p=0.000) and atrophy (p=0.000). Concluding that the preva- lence of H. pylori infection showed significant asso- ciation with the precursor stages of malignancy.

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