Bioseguridad en los laboratorios de patología; pandemia COVID-19. Revisión narrativa

• Walter Oqueli Vásquez Bonilla Hospital General San Juan de Dios. Departamento de Patología. Ciudad de Guatemala. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1372-8933
• Héctor Silva Cárcamo Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios-UNIMINUTO, Bello-Antioquia http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7255-4518

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4053657

Palabras clave: Bioseguridad, COVID-19, Patología, Laboratorio, SARS-CoV-2.

Resumen

La Organización Mundial de la Salud clasifica en su manual de bioseguridad de laboratorio los agentes infecciosos en 4 grupos de riesgo que van desde el nivel 1 al 4, estos niveles proporcionan una serie de procedimientos para la protección del personal del laboratorio. Luego de la evaluación de riesgos, el SARS-CoV-2 es un virus patógeno con alta tasa de mortalidad y un problema para la salud pública, por lo que se ha clasificado en el grupo de riesgo nivel 3. Las actividades de patología quirúrgica y citología propias de los laboratorios de anatomía patológica se ejecutan bajo un nivel de bioseguridad 2, debido a la clasificación del SARS-CoV-2 dentro del grupo de riesgo 3, se hace necesario reforzar las medidas de seguridad para proteger al personal, estos laboratorios juegan un papel importante en el diagnóstico histopatológico aportando información sobre la fisiopatología de la enfermedad y los mecanismos que conducen a la muerte de los pacientes; lo que permitirá mejorar el tratamiento de la enfermedad y diseñar políticas de salud pública efectivas. Esta revisión, describe las medidas de bioseguridad que deben implementarse en los laboratorios de anatomía patológica durante la pandemia actual de COVID-19.

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