Neumonía atípica en niños: Detección serológica y molecular de Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Revisión Sistemática

• Jenifer Nathaly Trujillo-Calderón Corporación Universitaria Remington. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Residencia en Pediatría. Medellín-Antioquia. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5908-2755
• Isaura Pilar Sánchez Corporación Universitaria Remington. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Programa de Medicina. Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas UniRemington. Medellín-Antioquia. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1415-0785

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3911152

Palabras clave: Mycoplasma pneumoniae, reacción en cadena de la polimerasa niño, neumonía atípica, inmunoglobulina M, niño

Resumen

M. pneumoniae es un agente etiológico importante para neumonía atípica en niños. Por sus características inmunogénicas, la presentación clínica no alcanza una certeza diagnóstica. Métodos comunes usados para cuadros de etiología diferente, no producen en este caso hallazgos facilitadores del diagnóstico que generen decisiones terapéuticas apropiadas. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir la utilidad del uso de la PCR y serología IgM para M. pneumoniae en niños, conociendo que son las técnicas más usadas. Método: Con la estrategia Pico se buscó material científico en bases de datos Pubmed, Embase, Chrocane; verificando términos Mesh y Decs. Criterios de exclusión: abstracts, otros microorganismos, población adulta, pruebas de laboratorio diferentes, reportes de caso y cartas al editor. Es importante detectar M. pneumoniae por la aparición de cepas resistentes al tratamiento con macrólidos; secundario a no tener pruebas confiables. La serología, no es altamente sensible en etapas iniciales; pero, mediante pruebas pareadas se confirma el diagnóstico. Para agilizar la detección proponen la PCR; dependiendo de ciertas condiciones, podría hacerse diagnóstico. Si no se logran los requerimientos necesarios, el uso de los dos test resulta confiable. En conclusión, No hay superioridad de un test específico; algunos autores sugieren las dos pruebas para un diagnóstico rápido y evitar la resistencia por uso indiscriminado de antibióticos.

Citas

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