Mais um passo para compreender a secularização: Análise comparativa das teorias da secularização e da economia religiosa

• Jorge Botelho Moniz Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Portugal

Palabras clave: Teorías de secularización, aspectos internos de la secularización, teoría de la economía religiosa, análisis comparativo, Europa, Estados Unidos.

Resumen

Mucho se ha escrito sobre la secularización, pero pocas son las investigaciones profundas sobre sus elementos y sobre las alternativas más sólidas y sistemáticas que los estudios seguirían. A nuestro modo de ver, esto se refleja en las dificultades de comprensión interpretativa y profundización teórico-analítica que son necesarias y posibles de superar. Para cumplir ese propósito, se escoge un diseño de investigación que integra las estrategias de descripción densa y el método comparativo y se divide el trabajo en dos partes esenciales. En primer lugar, se analizan los principales subtratos de la secularización, específicamente la diferenciación funcional, la racionalización, la socitalización, la seguridad existencial y la diversidad, igualitarismos e individualismo. En segundo lugar, se introduce aquella que, para el estado del arte, es la principal y más desafiante alternativa a las teorías de la secularización –la economía religiosa-, examinándola a la luz de sus presupuestos fundamentales. El análisis de las dos teorías diametralmente opuestas,en lo que concierne al entendimiento del lugar de la religión en la contemporaneidad, permite explorar patrones de similitudes y diferencias entre si. Además, se consigue explicar cómo es posible que estos modelos teóricos, con objeto de estudio análogos, pueden haber conducido a inferencia de de resultados tan diferentes en cuanto a la invariabilidad o a la falta de vitalidad religiosa en las sociedades modernas. Al final del artículo para una mayor sistematización se presenta un cuadro de análisis como la comparación de los principales axiomas de las dos teorías.

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